成人下颌孔及周边骨性结构的解剖特点

目的:研究成人下颌孔及周边骨性结构的解剖特点,为临床手术操作提供解剖参考和依据.方法:由口腔专业教师确定各解剖结构的位置并标记,用游标卡尺、量角器、直尺和圆规对下颌骨进行测量,记录数据并进行统计学分析.结果:有76.00％的下颌孔位于下颌支内面中点之后,有87.00％的下颌孔位于下颌支内面中点之上;下颌孔的内外径为3....

Anatomical characteristics of adult mandibular foramen and surrounding bony structures

Objective To study the anatomical characteristics of the adult mandibular foramen and surroundingbony structures， and provide anatomical reference and basis for clinical operation. Methods The position of eachanatomical structure was determined and marked by stomatological teachers. The mandible was measured with verniercalipers， protractor， ruler and compass， and the data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results There were76.00% mandibular foramen located behind the midpoint of the medial mandibular ramus and 87.00% mandibularforamen located above the midpoint of the medial mandibular ramus. The inside and outside diameter of mandibularforamen was 3.50 mm±0.59 mm， and the anteroposterior diameter was 3.68 mm±0.74 mm. The minimum distancesbetween the lowest point of the medial mandibular foramen and the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus， theposterior margin of the mandibular ramus， the lowest point of the mandibular notch and the plane of inferior marginof mandibular body were 19.85 mm±2.72 mm， 16.63 mm±3.14 mm， 24.73 mm±2.91 mm and 25.81 mm±3.58mm. The angle of the mandible angle was 120.51°±6.54°. The minimum distance from the highest point of thecoranoid process， the highest point of the condyle process and the lowest point of the mandibular notch to the planeof inferior margin of mandibular body were 64.03 mm±5.54 mm， 54.57 mm±7.08 mm and 46.12 mm±5.24 mm.A line perpendicular to the tangent to the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus through the lowest point of themedial mandibular foramen was made. The distance between the intersection of the line through the anterior marginof the mandibular ramus and the posterior margin ofthe mandibular ramus was 34.38 mm±3.28 mm. A lineperpendicular to the tangent to the posterior margin ofthe mandibular ramus through the lowest point of thelowest point of the mandibular notch was made. The distance between the intersection of the line through the anteriormargin of the mandibular ramus and the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus was 39.35 mm±3.24 mm. Thedistance between the highest point of the coranoid process and the highest point of the condyle was 34.96 mm±3.46mm. The width between the intra-condyle pole was 80.95 mm±6.77 mm. The width between the extra-condyle polewas 118.06 mm±7.75 mm. The width between the highest point of the coranoid process was 91.69 mm±6.38 mm.The width between the lowest point of the medial mandibular foramen was 80.93 mm±4.61 mm. The width betweenthe lowest point of the mandible angle was 98.99 mm±7.44 mm. The width between the medial point of the mentalforamen was 46.45 mm±2.65 mm. The width between the lateral point of the mental foramen was 51.64 mm±3.16mm. After statistical analysis， the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The anatomical observationof mandibular foramen and surrounding bony structures can provide anatomical and morphological references for theclinical anesthesia， restoration， orthognathic surgery and medical cosmetology in this region.