抗生素对人体微生物菌群的影响及新型抗感染方式展望

抗生素问世并成功应用于临床，降低了细菌性感染疾病的死亡率，在治疗感染性疾病中发挥了重要作用，大大延长了人类的平均寿命。然而，抗生素这把双刃剑在治愈疾病的同时也引起了细菌耐药，导致细菌耐药性在世界范围内一直呈不断增长趋势。更为严重的是，抗生素的使用亦破坏了人体正常微生物菌群的组成及结构，导致人体微生物菌群的紊乱，进而影响人体健康。令人欣喜的是，最近有研究发现人体正常微生物菌群对付外来 “病原菌”也有自己的应对措施，这些策略有望被开发成抗生素治疗的一种替代疗法。目前，科学家针对这些策略提出了一些新的研究思路并取得了一些进展，对今后新型抗感染治疗和药物开发均有所启示。

The influence of antibiotics on human microbial flora and the prospects of new anti-infection methods

Antibiotics have been successfully applied to reduce the mortality of bacterial infectious diseases since they have been widely used. They play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases and have greatly prolonged the average life expectancy of humans. However, as the double-edged sword, massive use of antibiotics has also triggered a growing increase in bacterial resistance throughout the world. Moreover, using of antibiotics also destroys the composition and structure of the normal human microbial flora, which leads to the disruption of the human microbial flora and further affecting human health. It is gratifying that recent studies have found that human normal microbial flora also has its own response to foreign “pathogens”. These strategies can be exploited as an alternative to the antibiotic therapy. At present, scientists have proposed some new research ideas for these strategies and have made some progress, which will eventually provide inspiration for future new anti-infective treatment studies and drug