重症肌无力胸腺切除236例分析

目的　总结重症肌无力 (MG)胸腺切除的经验及治疗效果。　方法　回顾性分析我科 1978年 1月至2 0 0 2年 12月手术治疗 2 36例 MG患者术前、术后的处理 ,危象发生的有关因素及远期疗效。　结果　 2 36例术后发生危象 4 4例 (18.6 % ) ,危象的发生与术前准备、Osserm an临床分型、是否伴胸腺瘤密切相关。全组术后死亡 3例(1.3% ) ,1例死于误吸所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) ,2例死于危象 ,占危象病例的 4 .5 % ,1、3、5年的有效率分别为 84 .6 %、91.0 %和 89.0 %。　结论　 MG行胸腺切除安全、有效 ,对术后发生危象高危因素的患者延期气管拔管可减少气管切开 ,部分胸骨劈开径路创伤小 ,其远期效果与文献报道其他径路无显著差别。

Analysis of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis in 236 patients

Objective To summarize experiences of surgical treatment and long-term results of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Two hundred thirty-six patients underwent thymectomy for MG in our department from Jan.1978 to Dec. 2002. The perioperative management, relative factors of postoperative crisis and long-term results were analysed. Results In 236 patients postoperative crisis took place in 44 cases accounted for 18.6%. The occurrence of postoperative crisis was related to preoperative management, modified Osserman clinical classification and combination with thymoma. Three cases died in the postoperative periods. Among them, one died of acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by aspiration and the other died of crisis. The effective rate in 1, 3, 5 years was 84.6%, 91.0% and 89.0% respectively. Conclusions Thymectomy for MG is safe and effective. Delayed extubation could decrease the needs of tracheotomy in patients with high risk factors for postoperative crisis. The partial sternotomy approach is less traumatic but the long-term effects of surgery are identical to those reported by the most authors.