不同年龄儿童全血锌铅钙铁值的调查结果分析

目的:了解近几年北京市海淀区儿童全血锌、铅、钙、铁等微量元素的含量,以提高儿童保健水平。方法:随机选取海淀区健康儿童544名,按不同年龄段分为4个年龄组。采集静脉血1 ml,用火焰原子吸收法测定血锌、钙、铁含量,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血铅含量。结果:①血铅水平≥0.1μg/ml者占43.2%,男女性别之间无显著性差异,血铅水平随年龄增长有上升趋势。0~1岁组血铅最低,3~6岁组血铅最高;②血锌、钙、铁水平随年龄增长而上升,血锌6~12岁组明显高于1~3岁组,血钙、铁6~12岁组明显高于0~1岁组,男女性别之间无显著性差异;③血铅增高率与血钙缺乏率各组之间差异有显著意义,血锌与血铁缺乏率各组之间比较则无显著性差异。结论:①由于环境、生活习惯、空气污染等各方面的影响,学龄前儿童的血铅水平较高;②婴幼儿期是锌、钙、铁营养不良的防治重点;③随年龄增长,饮食多样化,锌、钙、铁营养状况明显改善。

Analysis of trace elements in various age group of children of Haidian District in Beijing

Objective:To investigate the distribution of blood trace elements in the children of Haidian District in near years in order to improve the level of children's health care.Methods:544 children in good health condition at random from Haidian District were selected to be divided into 4 age groups.1 ml of vein blood from each child was collected.The amount of zinc,calcium and iron in the blood were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,whereas the amount of blood lead was detected by graphite oven absorption spectrophotometry.Results: ①The level and distribution of lead in the blood: 43.2% children had blood lead higher than 0.1 μg/g,but had no difference in sex.The lead concentration increased with the increasing of age.The lowest blood lead concentration was in the group of 0~1 years old and the highest was in the group of 3~6 years old.②The level and distribution of zinc,calcium and iron in the blood:These three trace elements concentration increased with the increasing of age.The level of blood zinc in the group of 6~12 years old was obviously higher than that in the group of 1~3 years old,whereas the level of blood calcium and iron in the group of 6~12 years old was obviously higher than those in the group of 0~1 years old and had no difference in sex.③There was a great significant difference between the increase rate of the blood lead and the deficient rate of the blood calcium in each group,while the difference between the deficient rate of blood zinc and iron in each group was not obvious.Conclusion:①The level of blood lead is comparatively higher in the pre-school children affected by the surroundings,life habit as well as the air pollution.②The main prevention and treatment period for the deficiency of zinc,calcium and iron is the infant stage.③With the increase in age and the diversification of food,the nutrient status of zinc,calcium and iron should be improved.