Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification: two case reports, a review of the literature and a role for cardiac transplantation |
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Authors: | Glatz Andrew C Pawel Bruce R Hsu Daphne T Weinberg Paul Chrisant Maryanne R K |
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Affiliation: | Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. glatz@email.chop.edu |
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Abstract: | Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) is a rare, but important, cause of rapidly progressive ischemic heart disease in children. In this paper, we report two recent cases of IIAC seen at tertiary referral hospitals. Both cases presented in infancy with signs of heart failure and, ultimately, died with the diagnosis of IIAC confirmed at postmortem examination. A thorough review of the literature reveals approximately 160 reported cases of IIAC. The clinical outcomes, radiographic findings and pathologic details are summarized. Proposed etiologic mechanisms are reviewed, including promising research into the role of inorganic pyrophosphate as a regulatory factor in the development of IIAC. Because of the typically fatal outcome of IIAC and the lack of proven therapies, the potential role for cardiac transplantation is discussed. |
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Keywords: | idiopathic infantile arterial calcification pyrophosphate diphosphonate transplantation |
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