HIV感染者/AIDS患者的社会支持状况及影响因素分析

目的了解HIV感染者/AIDS患者(PLWHAS)的社会支持现状,并分析相关影响因素。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行社会支持测量,自制调查表收集相关影响因素,采用多元逐步回归方法分析社会支持的影响因素。结果 294名PLWHAS的社会支持平均总分为(27.16±8.04)分,低于常模。社会支持得分随年龄增加而下降(β=-0.119),随文化程度的增加而增加(β=0.108);家庭人均年收入≥3000元者社会支持得分高于<3000元者(β=0.141);无业(β=-0.166)和独居(β=-0.305)是社会支持的危险因素,而与家里人维持良好的关系(β=0.356)和稳定的婚姻(β=0.252)是社会支持的有利因素。结论 PLWHAS的社会支持水平不高,影响因素包括年龄、就业状况、教育程度、收入水平、居住方式及与家里人的关系等。

Study on the social support condition and its influence factors among people living with HIV/AIDS

Objective To explore the current status of social support and its influence factors among people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHAS).Method The status of social support was measured by Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Related factors were collected by self-designed questionnaire and analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results 294 PLWHAS were selected as the subjects,whose average overall scores of social support were 27.16±8.04,and were lower than those of the normal.Increased with the growth of the age,PLWHAS tended to obtain less social supports(β=-0.119),and increased with the education level,PLWHAS tended to obtain more social supports(β=0.108).PLWHAS with annual income per capita being equal or greater than 3000yuan got higher score than their opposites(β=0.141).Out of job(β=-0.166)and living alone(β=-0.305) were risk factors,while good relationship with family(β=0.356)and a stable marriage(β=0.252)were protective factors associated with social support.Conclusion The social supports of PLWHAS were lower and affected by multiple factors,which involved age,employment,education,income,the mode of living,relation with family,etc.