重庆市布鲁氏菌病流行趋势分析

目的掌握重庆市布鲁氏菌病疫情及流行趋势,为布鲁氏菌病防治策略提供依据。方法选择畜牧业发达,畜牧饲养量较大的区域作为监测点对重点职业人群进行病情监测;收集重庆市畜牧部门2008-2012年期间的畜间感染布鲁氏菌的资料。人群和动物血样均采用试管凝集试验进行检测。结果 2005-2012年共主动搜索重点职业人群18 521人,未发现符合布鲁氏菌病诊断标准的临床症状、体征的病例;重点人群采集血清标本3 727份,血清学阳性率为0.94%;以2011、2012年血清阳性率较高,随着年份的增加,阳性率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=14.04,P0.01)。男性血清学阳性率(1.16%)高于女性(0.38%)(χ2=4.90,P0.05);阳性者以青壮年为主;不同职业间感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.86,P0.01),以奶牛饲养员最高(2.31%)。共调查68 181头牲畜,血清阳性率为0.83%,均为奶牛,以2012年为最高(1.83%),2009年最低(0.01%);随着年份的增加,畜间布鲁氏菌病感染率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=453.49,P0.01)。结论重庆市人间和畜间布鲁氏菌病感染呈上升趋势,奶牛是人间布鲁氏菌病感染的主要传染源,应加强牲畜检疫和人群监测,及时发现疫情。

Epidemic trend of Brucellosis in Chongqing city

Objective To understand the epidemic trend of Brucellosis in Chongqing city so as to provide scientific basis for control measures. Methods Areas developed for animal husbandry, and areas with large number of livestock were selected as monitoring points for Brucellosis surveillance. The infection data of animal Brucellosis was collected from animal department in 2008-2012.Blood samples collected from surveillance persons and animals were examined by standard tube agglutination test （SAT）. Results 18 521 persons were investigated.No case with clinical manifestations and signs was found.3 727 serum samples of the key workers were collected.The serum positive rate was 0.94%.The rates were increased yearly and higher in 2011 and 2012 （X2=14.04,P〈0.01）. The rate of male （1.16%） was higher than that of female （0.38%） （X2= 4.90,P〈0.05）. The brucellosis was mainly occurred among younger persons. There was a significant difference of infection rate among different occupations（X2=42.86, P〈0.01 ） and the rate of cow breeder was 2.31%. 68 181 stocks were examined. The positive rate was 0.83% and the all infection was occurred among milk cows.The positive rate of animal also showed an increasing tendency （X2=453.49, P〈0.01 ）. Conclusions The rates of human and animal Brucellosis both showed a yearly increase tendency.The source of human brucellosis was from milk cows.The stock quarantine and Brucellosis surveillance should be strengthened.