<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">In Vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">In Vivo</Emphasis> Drug Release from a Novel <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">In Situ</Emphasis> Forming Drug Delivery System

Purpose The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of various preparation and formulation parameters on the in vitro and in vivo release of bupivacaine hydrochloride from an injectable in situ forming microparticle system (ISM). Methods The in vitro drug release of ISM was investigated as a function of various formulation and process parameters and was compared to the drug release from in situ forming implants and conventional microparticles. In vivo studies were carried out in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Results Upon contact with an aqueous medium, the internal polymer phase of the ISM system solidified and formed microparticles. The initial drug release from ISM systems was reduced with decreasing polymer phase/external oil phase ratio. An advantage of the ISM system compared to in situ implant systems was the significantly reduced burst effect, resulting in drug release profiles comparable to microparticles prepared by conventional methods. The in vivo drug release studies were in good agreement with the in vitro drug release. With the ISM system, the analgesic effect of the bupivacaine hydrochloride was prolonged when compared to the injection of a drug solution or drug-polymer solution. Conclusions ISM are an attractive alternative for parenteral drug delivery systems.