2005～2009年学校重大食物中毒事件分析

目的:了解全国2005~2009年学校重大食物中毒特点及发生规律,探讨防止食物中毒发生的对策和措施。方法:根据2005~2009年中国卫生部重大食物中毒通报资料,对历年学校食物中毒的发生数、中毒人数、死亡人数以及发生原因进行分析。结果:2005~2009年全国通报学校重大食物中毒起数、中毒人数及死亡人数分别为543起、20 541人和17人,病死率为0.83‰。其中微生物性、有毒动植物性食物中毒人数分别占总中毒人数53.59%和21.66%。5年间发生在学校集体食堂的食物中毒起数、中毒人数和死亡人数分别占总起数、总中毒人数及总死亡人数的72.01%、75.95%和29.41%。结论:微生物和有毒动植物是学校食物中毒的主要致病因素,学校集体食堂是食物中毒发生的主要场所,应引起相关部门的高度重视。

Analysis of major food-poisoning incidents in schools between 2005 and 2009

Objective：To investigate the features and regular patterns of major food-poisoning in schools throughout China for the countermeasure against these incidents.Methods：We gathered the official data of major food poisoning events in schools released by the Ministry of Health of the People′s Republic of China between 2005 and 2009 for this study regarding the incidence,number of victims,deaths and causes and effects.Results：From 2005 to 2009,the number of poisoning incidents,victims and deaths were 543,20 541 and 17,respectively,resulting in case fatality rate of 0.83%.The major toxicants were associated with microbial pollution and toxic agents from the food of animal or plant origin,which accounted for respectiveness of 53.59%and 21.66%.Particularly,the frequencies,victims and deaths involved in the public refectories of schools represented with 72.01%,75.95% and 29.41%,respectively,of the total food poisoning events in a five-year period.Conclusion：Microbial contamination and toxins from foods of animal or plant origin are the important causes of food poisoning,and these incidents frequently occur in school refectories,accordingly,administrations should attach importance to the supervision.