儿童早期家庭养育环境与儿童心理发展

家庭养育环境对儿童早期心理发展作用是多方面的.多中心研究证明家长抚养行为、亲子互动、家庭环境质量对儿童早期智力发展具有显著影响.气质是先天的,但母亲情绪问题、家庭经济收入、家长教育程度、亲子互动、环境的多样性等对儿童气质维度有一定影响.人的性格主要是在后天环境中形成的,父母的态度和养育方式对儿童性格发展影响显著.儿童早期交往对象主要是父母,家庭养育方式在儿童社会化过程中作用显著;这个过程发展不好,就会出现这样那样的人际关系问题和行为问题.对儿童早期家庭养育环境的系统评价是家庭养育环境研究与促进的基础,国外<家庭环境观察评定量表(HOME)>具有开创性的贡献,国内自主编制的<儿童早期家庭养育环境量表>则是家庭养育环境评价量表本土化的一个有益尝试.

Home nurture environment in early childhood and children's mental development

The influence of home nurture environment on mental development in early chilhood is diverse. Multi-center studies had proved that parenting behavior, parent-child interaction, home environment quality have great impacts on intelligence development in early childhood of the child. Although temperament of a child is innate, maternal emotional problems, family economic status, parental education level, parent-child interaction, and environmental diversity could affect on child temperament . And a person's character mainly developes in postnatal life experiences, then parental attitudes and nurturing style would play important roles in child's character development. Since the parents almost are only communicating subjects of their child, the family nurturing style plays an important role in socialization of children. If a child couldn't communicate with their parents well, the child would have some problems in interpersonal relations and behaviors. A systemic evaluation of home nurture environment is the groundwork for study and promotion of child's early development. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (HOME ) is a representative for that in western countries, while Early Child Home Nurture Environment Scales is an attempt to indigenize the early child home environment rating in our country.