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地佐辛复合罗哌卡因在老年患者术后硬膜外镇痛中的临床应用
引用本文:张雁华,王天龙. 地佐辛复合罗哌卡因在老年患者术后硬膜外镇痛中的临床应用[J]. 中国医药, 2013, 8(10): 1435-1437
作者姓名:张雁华  王天龙
作者单位:首都医科大学宣武医院麻醉科,北京,100053
摘    要:目的比较不同剂量地佐辛与0.15%罗哌卡因配伍在老年人术后硬膜外镇痛的应用效果及不良反应。方法腰麻和硬膜外联合椎管内麻醉下经尿道前列腺电切术男性患者60例,按不同硬膜外镇痛方案将患者完全随机分为3组,每组20例。A组以吗啡5mg+0.15%罗哌卡因200ml镇痛;B组以地佐辛2.5mg+0.15%罗哌卡因200ml镇痛;C组以地佐辛5mg+0.15%罗哌卡因200ml镇痛。术毕硬膜外导管接Smith6300电子镇痛泵:负荷冲击量3ml,持续流量2ml/h,单次追加剂量1ml,锁定时间15min,共48h。在术后8、12、24、36及48h(分别为T1、T2、T3、T4及T5)进行视觉模拟评分(VAS),记录不良反应及并发症。结果A组与B组各观察点VAS评分差异无统计学意义[(2.4±0.5)分比(2.3±0.5)分,(2.8±0.4)分比(2.4±0.5)分,(2.0±0.6)分比(2.0±0.6)分,(1.0±0.7)分比(1.1±0.8)分,(0.5±0.7)分比(0.6±0.5)分,均P〉0.05],但2组T1~T4VAS评分明显高于C组[分别为(1.7±0.7)、(1.4±0.5)、(1.2±0.6)、(0.4±0.5)分](均P〈0.05)。B、C组患者膀胱刺激症发生率明显低于A组[10.0%(2/20)、5.0%(1/20)比45.0%(9/20),P〈0.05]。B、C组与A组相比,头晕、瘙痒、恶心呕吐、嗜睡、肠道未排气发生率明显降低[5.0%(1/20)、15.0%(3/20)比40.0%(8/20),25.0%(5/20)、10.0%(2/20)比50.0%(10/20),20.0%(4/20)、0.0%比55.0%(11/20),15.0%(3/20)、5.0%(1/20)比40.0%(8/20),0.0%、10.0%(2/20)比50.0%(10/20),均P〈0.05]。结论地佐辛2.5—5mg复合低浓度0.15%罗哌卡因200ml应用于老年前列腺电切术术后硬膜外镇痛,与吗啡5mg相比,均可达到良好的镇痛效果,且头晕、瘙痒、恶心呕吐及嗜睡发生率明降低,但地佐辛剂量过大可仍可增加头晕并影响胃肠道功能恢复。

关 键 词:地佐辛  罗哌卡因  老年  术后  镇痛  硬膜外

Clinical research of dezocine combined with ropivacaine for patient controlled epidural analgesia
ZHANG Yan-hua , WANG Tian-long. Clinical research of dezocine combined with ropivacaine for patient controlled epidural analgesia[J]. China Medicine, 2013, 8(10): 1435-1437
Authors:ZHANG Yan-hua    WANG Tian-long
Affiliation:. Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of dezocine combined with ropivacaine for patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Methods All 60 elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate were divided into three groups(20 cases in each group) by different scheme of PCEA. Group A received morphine 5 mg +0.15% ropivacaine 200 ml) ; group B received dezocine 2.5 mg +0.15% ropivacaine 200 ml and group C underwent dezocine 5 mg + 0.15% ropivacaine 200 ml. All patients were given the combined spinal epidural anesthesia and used the PCEA after surgery with the Smith 6300 electronic pump. The loading dose was 3 ml and the maintenance dose was 2 ml/h. The single dose was 1 ml and locking time was 15 min. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at the 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h after surgery and complication of three groups were observed. Results There were no significant differences in VAS scores at all time spots between group A and B[ (2.4 ± 0.5) scores vs (2.3 ± 0.5 ) scores, (2.8 ±0.4) scores vs (2.4 ± 0.5 ) scores, (2.0 ±0.6) scores vs ( 2.0 ± 0.6 ) scores, ( 1.0± 0.7 ) scores vs ( 1.1 ±0.8 ) scores, (0.5 ± 0.7) scores vs (0.6 ± 0.5 ) scores, all P 〉 0.05 ], but VAS scores of group A and B at time of T1 -T4 were lower than those of group C [ ( 1.7±0.7 ), ( 1.4± 0.5 ), ( 1.2 ± 0.6 ), (0.4 ± 0. 5 ) scores ] (P 〈 0.05 ). The rate of irritation symptoms of bladder after surgery and the incidence rate of adverse reaction of PCEA, such as dizzy, pruritus, nausea and vomitting, drowsiness, and the suppression rate of intestinal no-exhaust in group B and C were obviously lower than in group A [ 10.0% (2/20), 5.0% ( 1/20 ) vs 45.0% (9/20) ;5.0% (1/20), 15.0% (3/20) vs 40.0% (8/20) ; 25.0% (5/20), 10.0% (2/20) vs 50.0% (10/20); 20.0% (4/20), 0.0% vs 55.0%(11/20); 15.0% (3/20), 5.0% (1/20) vs 40.0% (8/20); 0.0% , 10.0% (2/20)vs 50.0% (10/20) ; all P 〈0.05]. Conclusions Compared with morphine 5 mg, the using of dezocine 2.5-5 mg combined with 0.15% ropivacaine/200 ml via PCEA for postoperative pain on elderly patients has the same analgesia effect. But overdose of dezocine also can cause more adverse reaction such as dizziness and prolong recovery time of the function recovery of bowel.
Keywords:Dezocine  Ropivacaine  Elderly  Postoperative  Analgesia  Epidural
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