高血糖对大鼠丝状乳头、菌状乳头及味蕾的影响

目的 探讨高血糖对丝状乳头、菌状乳头及味觉感受器的影响,为临床糖尿患者味觉功能紊乱的诊断、评估与治疗提供形态学资料.方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠按体质量随机分为正常对照组(n=14)和糖尿病组(n=16).以链脲佐菌素(STZ)60 mg/kg一次性腹腔注射建立1型糖尿病模型.普通饲料喂养12周后取舌组织,以亚甲蓝染色光镜下观察两组大鼠舌菌状乳头数目以及类型.采用HE染色并在光镜下观察两组大鼠菌状乳头、味蕾的组织学变化.采用Phtoshop软件测量味蕾的大小、面积,并以SPSS15.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 与对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠味蕾数目减少、味蕾面积显著缩小(P<0.01),但两组间乳头总数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组大鼠菌状乳头91.1%为有孔菌状乳头,8.9%为无孔菌状乳头,未发现丝状样变的菌状乳头;与对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠有孔菌状乳头数仅占59.1%,无孔菌状乳头数目显著增多,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),并且出现丝状样变的菌状乳头.结论 1型糖尿病大鼠味觉感受器表现出一系列萎缩的形态学改变特征;菌状乳头味蕾的面积与味觉敏感性相关.

Impact of hyperglycemia on filiform papillae,fungiform papillae and taste buds in rats

Objective To explore the impact of hyperglycemia on the filiform papillae, the fungiform papillae and taste buds in rats, so as to provide morphological data for diagnosis, assessment and treatment of diabetics with taste dysfunction. Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=14) and diabetic group (n=16) according to weight. Type 1 diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). And then rats were fed on regular chow diet for 12 weeks. The tongue tissues were removed after 12 weeks. The number and shapes of fungiform papillae were observed by methylene blue staining and light microscopy. The mor-phological alterations of fungiform papillae and taste buds were observed by HE staining. Phtoshop software was used to measure the size and area of taste buds. The results were analyzed by the SPSS15.0 statistical software. Results Com-pared with normal controls,the number and area of taste buds in diabetic rats decreased significantly (P<0.01). Howev-er,there was no significant difference in total number of the papillae between the two groups (P>0.05). Taste pores were found on 91.1% fungiform papillae (poreless papillae was 8.9%), and there was no fungiform papillae with a fili-form-like appearance in control rats. Compared with control rats, taste pores were found on 59.1%fungiform papillae in diabetic rats, and the number of poreless papillae was significantly increased (P<0.01), there was fungiform papillae with filiform-like papillae. Conclusion Gustatory receptor of type 1 diabetic rat showed a series of atrophy changes. The area of taste buds on fungiform papillae was associated with taste sensitivity.