某铜矿山巷道内气溶胶浓度与粒径分布的测量和分析

目的 定性了解矿山巷道内气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布特性。方法 在巷道内的不同区间,分别用凝结核颗粒计数器和个人气溶胶测量仪巡测气溶胶的粒子数和质量浓度,并通过质量浓度的分级测量定性评价微米级气溶胶的粒径分布;在调度室内外,用金属丝网筛扩散法测量亚微米级气溶胶的粒径分布。结果 巷道内可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的平均质量浓度为0.42 mg/m³,其量值大小因工作断面而异,且受人工活动影响变化较大;巷道内粒径大于1.0 μm的颗粒物广泛存在,而粒子直径小于5 nm的气溶胶基本上未被检出。结论 矿山巷道内气溶胶特性因工作断面、人工活动和通风条件的不同而变化明显,在开展内照射剂量评价时应考虑粒径大于1.0 μm放射性气溶胶粒子的剂量贡献。

Measurement and analysis of the concentration and size distribution of aerosols in a copper mine

Objective To explore the general characteristics of the concentration and size distribution of aerosols in a mine. Methods In different areas of a non-uranium mine, the particle number and mass concentration of aerosols were surveyed with a condensation particle counter and a personal aerosol monitor, respectively, and the size distribution of aerosols larger than 1 μm in size was estimated according to the size-selective measurements of mass concentrations. The size distribution of submicron aerosols was evaluated based on the method of screen diffusion battery (SOB), and the measurements were performed in both inside and outside of a control room. Results The mass concentration of inhaled particles (PM10) was averaged to be 0.42 mg/m3 in the whole mine, and it varied with different working areas and significantly affected with human activities, In the mine, particles lager than 1 μm in size widely distributed, while the particles less than 5 nm in size were seldom observed. Conclusions The characteristics of aerosol significantly change with different working areas, human activities and ventilation condition in mine. The dose contribution from inhaled radioactive particles lager than 1 μm in size should be considered in mine.