不同施肥水平对桔梗土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响

在陕西商洛香菊药源基地,采用氮,磷,钾3因素2次D-饱和最优设计施肥方案,研究氮磷钾不同施肥水平对桔梗土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与N₀P₀K₀相比,N₀P₂K₂,N₂P₂K₀,N₃P₁K₃,N₃P₃K₁增加了0~20 cm土壤的细菌数量,分别增加了144.34%,39.25%,37.17%,53.58%;N₃P₁K₃处理20~40 cm土壤中细菌数量增加了163.77%;N₀P₀K₃显著提高土壤中放线菌的数量,比N₀P₀K₀处理增加了192.11%,其他处理作用不显著;N₂P₀K₂和N₃P₁K₃显著增加了 0~20 cm土壤真菌的数量,分别比N₀P₀K₀处理增加了35.27%,92.21%;N₃P₀K₀显著增加了20~40 cm土壤真菌数量,增加了165.35%,其他处理较对照没有显著增加或者对真菌有不同程度的降低。除N₂P₀K₂外,施肥极显著降低了0~20 cm土壤中过氧化氢酶活性,N₂P₂K₀和氮磷钾三者配施(NPK)极显著增加了20~40 cm土壤中过氧化氢酶活性;施肥显著增强了20~40 cm土壤中蔗糖酶活性;施肥不同程度的降低了0~20 cm土壤中磷酸酶活性,除N₁P₃K₃处理外,施肥却增强了20~40 cm土壤中磷酸酶活性;N₃P₀K₀,N₀P₀K₃,N₂P₀K₂,N₂P₂K₀,N₃P₁K₃显著增强了0~20 cm土壤脲酶活性,分别比对照增加了18.22%,14.87%,17.84%,27.88%,24.54%。除N₀P₂K₂外施肥显著增强了20~40 cm土壤脲酶活性。

Effect of fertilization levels on soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activities

Field experiments were conducted in Shangluo pharmaceutical base in Shaanxi province to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different fertilization levels on Platycodon grandiflorum soil microorganism and activities of soil enzyme, using three-factor D-saturation optimal design with random block design. The results showed that N₀P₂K₂,N₂P₂K₀,N₃P₁K₃and N₃P₃K₁ increased the amount of bacteria in 0-20 cm of soil compared with N₀P₀K₀ by 144.34%, 39.25%, 37.17%, 53.58%, respectively.The amount of bacteria in 20-40 cm of soil of N₃P₁K₃ increased by 163.77%, N₀P₀K₃ increased the amount of soil actinomycetes significantly by 192.11%, while other treatments had no significant effect. N₂P₀K₂and N₃P₁K₃increased the amounts of fungus significantly in 0-20 cm of soil compared with N₀P₀K₀, increased by35.27% and 92.21%, respectively. N₃P₀K₀increased the amounts of fungus significantly in 20-40 cm of soil by 165.35%, while other treatments had no significant effect. All treatments decrease soil catalase activity significantly in 0-20 cm of soil except for N₂P₀K₂, and while N₂P₂K₀and NPK increased catalase activity significantly in 20-40 cm of soil. Fertilization regime increased invertase activity significantly in 20-40 cm of soil, and decreased phosphatase activity inordinately in 0-20 cm of soil, while increased phosphatase activity in 20-40 cm of soil other than N₁P₃K₃. N₃P₀K₀, N₀P₀K₃, N₂P₀K₂, N₂P₂K₀and NPK increased soil urease activity significantly in 0-20 cm of soil compared with N₀P₀K₀ by 18.22%,14.87%,17.84 %,27.88%,24.54%, respectively. Fertilization regime increased soil urease activity significantly in 20-40 cm of soil other than N₀P₂K₂.