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Function of N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptors in Cerebral Stroke

??Cerebral stroke is caused by the interrupt of blood supply either by the blockage or by the rupture of the brain blood vessels. After the activation of the ischemic cascades, a series of neurochemical reactions might occur which involves the excess release of the excitatory amino acids. The ionotropic glutamate receptor of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid subtype (NMDA receptor) has been proven to play dual roles in the ischemic insults. On one hand, NMDA receptor has been proven to initiate the ischemic impairment, leading to the neuronal death. On the other hand, NMDA receptor is involved in the endo-neurogenesis process after the ischemic onset. Herein, we summarized the recent studies about the structures and functions of NMDA receptor in ischemic stroke pathogenesis.