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Anti-Aging Effects and Mechanism of Red Ginseng Extract on D-Galactose Induced Aging Mice

??OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective mechanism of red ginseng extract(RG) on aging mice induced by D-galactose and the correlation between tumor necrosis factor-?? (TNF-??)??glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), interleukin-1?? (IL-1??), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). METHODS Aging mice models were caused by D-galactose and randomly divided into control group, model group, RG low, medium and high dose (100, 200, 400 mg??kg^-1) groups. The preparation of model and drug delivery, after 42 d, the mice were killed and determination of spleen index; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and brain tissue were measured. In serum, the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-??, IL-1?? and IL-6 in brain tissue. Real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the correlation of TNF-??, GPX1, GPX2, IL-1??, IL-6 and IL-10 gene mRNA expression in brain tissue. RESULTS The RG can enhance the spleen index, increase the activity of SOD in serum and brain tissue and AChE, CAT and GSH-PX in serum, decrease the content of MDA in serum and brain tissue, and decrease the content of iNOS in serum and the content of COX-2, TNF-??, IL-1?? and IL-6 in brain tissue. At the same time, it significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-??, IL-1?? and IL-6 in the brain tissue of mice, and increased the expression of GPX1, GPX2 and IL-10 mRNA in the brain tissue, and had statistical significance. CONCLUSION Concentrated solution of red ginseng extract could significantly exhibit anti-aging effects, its mechanism may be related to the TNF-??, GPX1, GPX2, IL-1??, IL-6 and IL-10 expression in aging, enhancing immune function, and removing free radicals and inflammatory factor.