Offspring neuroimmune consequences of maternal malnutrition: Potential mechanism for behavioral impairments that underlie metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Porto, Portugal;2. Universidade do Porto, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Porto, Portugal;3. Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal;1. McGill University, Department of Geography, Burnside Hall Building, Room 705, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada;2. University of Guelph, School of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada;3. Makerere University, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Climatic Sciences, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Arts Building, South Wing Ground Floor Room 12, Uganda;4. Ugandan Ministry of Health, Department of Community Health, Plot 6, Lourdel Road, Nakasero, P.O Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda;5. Batwa Development Programme, Kinkizi, Kanungu, Uganda;6. IHACC Research Team, Uganda;1. Arsi University, School of Health Science, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 04, Asella, Ethiopia;2. Federal Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 1234, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;1. Department of Economics, Rider University and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2083 Lawrenceville Rd., Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States;2. Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University—Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, 89 French St., Room 4269, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States;1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;2. Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Nutrition Consultation, Monte de Caparica, Portugal;3. Research and Education Unit on Ageing, UnIFai, Porto, Portugal;4. CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal;5. Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, Portugal;6. Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA) – ISCSEM, Monte de Caparica, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Maternal malnutrition significantly increases offspring risk for both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of maternal malnutrition have identified behavioral changes in the adult offspring related to executive function and reward processing. Together, these changes in executive and reward-based behaviors likely contribute to the etiology of both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with maternal malnutrition. Concomitant with the behavioral effects, maternal malnutrition alters offspring expression of reward-related molecules and inflammatory signals in brain pathways that control executive function and reward. Neuroimmune pathways and microglial interactions in these specific brain circuits, either in early development or later in adulthood, could directly contribute to the maternal malnutrition-induced behavioral phenotypes. Understanding these mechanisms will help advance treatment strategies for metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders, especially noninvasive dietary supplementation interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Maternal malnutrition Maternal diet Reward Executive function Prefrontal cortex Microglia Inflammation Development Metabolic dysfunction Neurodevelopmental disorders |
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