Comparative mapping of Xp22 genes in hominoids – evolutionary linear instability of their Y homologues |
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| Authors: | B. Gla¨ser F. Gru¨tzner K. Taylor K. Schiebel G. Meroni K. Tsioupra J. Pasantes W. Rietschel R. Toder U. Willmann S. Zeitler P. Yen A. Ballabio G. Rappold W. Schempp |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Human Genetics and Antrhopology, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;(2) Galton Laboratory, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE, UK;(3) Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;(4) Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), San Raffaele Biomedicale Science Park, Milan, Italy;(5) Laboratoria de Xene´tica, Departamento de Bioloxia Fundamental, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain;(6) Zoologisch-botanischer Garten Wilhelma, Postfach 501227, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;(7) School of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia;(8) School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, California 90590, USA |
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| Abstract: | Several genes located within or proximal to the human PAR in Xp22 have homologues on the Y chromosome and escape, or partly escape, inactivation. To study the evolution of Xp22 genes and their Y homologues, we applied multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to comparatively map DNA probes for the genes ANT3, XG, ARSD, ARSE (CDPX), PRK, STS, KAL and AMEL to prometaphase chromosomes of the human species and hominoid apes. We demonstrate that the genes residing proximal to the PAR have a highly conserved order on the higher primate X chromosomes but show considerable rearrangements on the Y chromosomes of hominoids. These rearrangements cannot be traced back to a simple model involving only a single or a few evolutionary events. The linear instability of the Y chromosomes gives some insight into the evolutionary isolation of large parts of the Y chromosomes and thus might reflect the isolated evolutionary history of the primate species over millions of years.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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| Keywords: | comparative mapping evolution hominoids X– Y homologous genes Y chromosome |
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