Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy,Nd:YAG laser and QMiX solution against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Clinical Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;4. Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06357 Nice, France;1. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Laser Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran;5. Innovative Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch, Mashhad, Iran;6. Pediatrics Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;7. Private practice, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Dental biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Private practice, Tehran, Iran;5. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Endodontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Dentistry, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece;1. School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil;2. School of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States;3. School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLasers have been recommended in final root canal disinfection protocol, however, there is no clear evidence about their efficacy against bacteria in biofilms. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the disinfection effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), Nd:YAG laser and QMiX solution against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 65 dentine slices, which were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated anaerobically for three weeks. The dentine discs were randomly allocated to one of the following experimental groups: aPDT (100 mW, 10 mg/ml phenothiazinium chloride, 1 min), Nd:YAG laser (2 W, 15 Hz, 4 × 5 s), QMiX solution (1 min). Positive controls did not receive any treatment and negative controls were treated with 5.25% NaOCl. To harvest surviving adherent cells, each dentine sample was transffered to a test tube containing of TSB, serial ten-fold dilutions were made and aliquot of 1 ml was plated onto blood agar plates and incubated for 48 h. Colony forming units grown were counted and transformed into actual counts based on the dilution factor. The remaining viable cells after each protocol were analysed by FISH.ResultsThe aPDT and the QMiX solution were equally effective, with the reduction rate of E. faecalis CFUs of 98.8% and 99.3% respectively (p = 1.107). The Nd:YAG laser caused 96% reduction of E. faecalis (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe aPDT and the QMiX solution showed similar antibacterial efficacy against old E. faecalis biofilm, followed by Nd:YAG irradiation. |
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| Keywords: | Laser Nd:YAG Photodynamic therapy Root canal infection |
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