218例麻疹流行病学特点分析

目的 探讨目前预防麻疹流行的方法.方法 对我市2007年10月-2008年5月发生的一次麻疹流行的218例住院患者进行流行病学分析.结果 ①发病季节以冬季为主；②发病以儿童为主；③出疹顺序呈多样性；④并发症多,合并肺炎占34.4％,合并心肌炎占60.6％;⑤无第二次发病病例；⑥早期诊断率较低；⑦＜3岁的麻疹患者医院内感染比例较高.结论 ①接种麻疹疫苗仍然是防止麻疹流行最有效的方法；②预防成人麻疹建议18岁青少年再次接种麻疹疫苗；③应重视麻疹早期诊断,防止该病院内感染发生；④定期对医务人员进行传染病知识的培训,提高传染病的早期诊断.

Epidemiological features of 218 measles patients

Objective To investigate the methods of preventing measles epidemic presently.Methods Epidemiological study was conducted on 218 hospitalized patients with measles in an episode of malaria in our city from Oct.2007 to May 2008.Results ①Measles mainly occurred in winter.②Child patients accounted for the largest proportion.③The order of the appearance of rashes was diverse.④Rashes had many complications,pneumonia accounting for 34.4% and myocarditis for 60.6%.⑤No patients were found to be affected for the second time.⑥Early diagnosis rate was lower.⑦The nosocomial infection rate was higher in child patients less than 3 years of age.Conclusions ①Vaccination is the most effective way of preventing measles epidemic.②Vaccination for ado-lescents at the age of 18 is suggested for the prevention of adult measles.③Early diagnosis of measles and the prevention of noso-comial infection should be paid more attention.④Regular training of infectious diseases knowledge should be provided for medical staff to improve early diagnosis of measles.