机动车驾驶员道路交通伤害危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨道路伤害中机动车驾驶员的危险因素，为进一步开展交通道路伤害预防提供科学依据。方法：采用病例对照研究方法，通过面询方法收集事故驾驶员和非事故驾驶员的一般情况、睡眠状况、急性困倦、吸烟、饮酒、违章驾驶行为等情况。以SPSS11．5软件进行统计分析。结果：调查了150名事故驾驶员和174名非事故驾驶员。在控制了其他影响因素情况下，驾驶时因感觉/判断错误、疏忽大意、遇紧急情况措施不当和违章操作的OR值（95％CI）分别是137．51（15．773-1198．876）、72．82（18．980-279．344）、25．16（3．097-204．398）和13．27（1．976-89．146）；初中及以下教育程度的驾驶员发生事故的危险性是高中及以上教育程度驾驶员的2．76倍（95％CI：1．082-7．021）；实际驾龄〈5年的驾驶员发生事故的危险性是实际驾龄≥5年的驾驶员的3．04倍（95％CI：1．235-7．457）；驾驶时感觉/判断失误与每周驾驶时间存在交互作用，每周驾驶时间≥40h的驾驶员，因感觉秽4断错误而发生交通事故的危险性低于每周驾驶时间〈40h的驾驶员（OR=0．022，95％CI：0．001-0．371）。结论：驾驶时疏忽大意、感觉/判断错误、遇紧急事故措施不当、违章操作、初中及以下教育程度、实际驾龄短是道路交通伤害中机动车驾驶员的危险因素。

A CASE- CONTROL STUDY ON THE MOTOR VCHICLE DRIVERS' RISK FACTORS FOR THE ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY

Objective:To explore the motor vehicle drivers' risk factors for the road traffic injury and to provide scientific evidence for road traffic injury preventing and control.Methods:Case-control study was used.Through face to face interviewing,the information in questionnaire such as general condition,sleep condition,usual behaviour and traffic offence were collected.Data was analysed by using the software SPSS11.5.Results:150 drivers who had accidents and 174 drivers who didn't have accidents were interviewed.On the condition of controlling other confounding factors,compared with normal status,the OR(95% CI) values of wrong feeling/judgment,negligence,taking improper measures when emergency event occured and operation violation using were 137.51(15.773-1198.876),72.82(18.980-279.344),25.16(3.097-204.398) and 13.27(1.976-89.146).The estimated accident risk of driver whose education degree is under or equal to junior high school was 2.76(95% CI:1.082-7.021)times higher than the drivers whose degree above or equal to senior high school.The accident risk of driver whose actual driving years were less than 5 years was 3.04 times(95% CI:1.235-7.457) higher than the drivers whose actual driving years were 5 years above.Effect modification existed between wrong feeling/judgment and driving time per week.Compared with the driver whose driving time per week was less than 40 hours,drivers whose driving time per week was 40 hours and above had less accident risk caused by wrong feeling/judgment(OR=0.022,95% CI:0.001-0.371).Conclusion:Negligence,wrong feeling/judgment,taking improper measures when emergency event oocured,operation violation,education degree under or equal to junior high school and short actual driving years are the motor vehicle drivers' risk factors.