新疆和田地区学龄儿童碘缺乏与听力关系的研究

本文使用日本MST-1N型听力计,于1989年9～10月间对新疆和田地区181名7～14岁学童进行了双耳纯音气导听力测定。测定对象共分4组(处于不同海拔高度上的3组缺碘学童及1组补碘对照组学童)。除测定听力外,还测定了智商、甲状腺吸~(131)I率、T_3、T_4、TSH、精神运动发育和骨龄等项指标。结果表明,缺碘地区学童平均听阈显著高于补碘对照组;听力损失在高频(8000Hz)及低频(1000Hz)最为严重;平均听阈与下列因素有显著负相关关系存在:海拔高度、性别、身高、体重、身高体重指数、敲击试验及智商。提示缺碘造成的听力障碍主要为高频(8000Hz)及低频(1000Hz)。采取补碘措施后,听力可有部分恢复,但不能完全恢复。平均听阈与甲状腺吸~(131)I率、T_3、T_4、TSH等指标无显著相关,故是一个较为独立的指标,把它作为亚临床克汀病的辅助诊断指标是合适的。

Study on the Relationship between Iodine Deficiency and Hearing of Schoolchildren in Hotan District, Xinjiang

The pure tone hearing of double ears (air-conduction) was measured with MST-1N type audiometer (made in Japan) in 181 schoolchildren aged 7-14 year in Hotan District in 1989. The subjects were divided into 4 groups, 3 were iodine deficient children and living in different altitude areas and the other was an iodine-supplemented group as control. We also measured their intelligence quotient (IQ), thyroid 131I uptake, T3, T4, TSH, bone age and some psychomotor indexes, etc. The results showed that the average hearing thresholds of schoolchildren in iodine deficient groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. The hearing reduction mainly occured in both high and low frequencies (8000 and 1000Hz). After taking some measures of iodine supplementation, the hearing can be recovered in part. There were significantly negative correlations between average threshold and altitude, sex, body height, body weight, the height-weight index, knock test and IQ, but no evident relationships between hearing and thyroid 131I uptake, T3,T4, and TSH, etc. So, the hearing is a relatively independent index and it is suitable to be a supplementary diagnostic index to subclinical cretinism.