变应性鼻炎吸入性和食入性变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E检测分析

目的 了解广州地区变应性鼻炎（AR）主要吸入性和食入性变应原分布和年龄差异.方法 回顾性分析未成年组（≤18岁）和成年组（〉18岁）AR患者常见吸入性和食入性变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E（IgE）阳性率及其分布差异.结果 吸入性变应原特异性IgE阳性的AR患者638例,其中合并食入性变应原特异性IgE阳性的患者有18.18%（116/638）.吸入性变应原依次为：屋尘螨84.64%、蟑螂18.81%、柏树14.89%、动物毛皮屑组合13.01%、树木花粉组合7.05%、矮豚草5.02%、葎草1.88%、蒿草1.72%、霉菌组合1.41%.未成年组中屋尘螨特异性IgE的阳性率明显高于成年组 （P〈0.05）.116例食入性变应原特异性IgE阳性的患者中未成年组占85.34%（99/116）,成年组占14.66%（17/116）,其中未成年组阳性的比例明显高于成年组（P〈0.05）.食入性变应原依次为：牛奶57.76%、鸡蛋41.38%、牛肉39.66%、羊肉32.76%、虾蟹12.93%、腰果12.07%、小麦11.21%、鱼1.72%、花生黄豆组合1.72%.结论 广州地区AR患者最主要的吸入性变应原依次是屋尘螨、蟑螂、柏树;食入性变应原主要是牛奶、鸡蛋、牛肉;未成年人对食物和螨虫过敏的概率明显高于成年人.

Analysis of aeroallergen and food allergen specific IgE in serum of patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective To study the distribution and age differences of aeroallergens and food allergens in the patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Guangzhou. Methods Retrospective analysis of the positive rate and distribution differences of serum aeroallergen and food allergen specific IgE among the juvenile group （younger than 18 years old） and the adult group （aged over 18） patients with AR diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Results 638 patients with AR had positive aeroallergen specific IgE, 18.18% （116/638） of whom also had positive food allergen specific IgE. The positive rate of aeroallergens in order were house dust mite （ 84.64% ）, cockroach （ 18.81% ）, cypress （ 14.89% ）, cat-dog epithelia （ 13.01% ）, tree and pollen mixture （7.05%）, ragweed （5.02%）, humnlus lupulus （ 1.88% ）, mugwort （ 1.72% ）, and mould mixture （ 1.41% ）. The positive rate of mite mixture in the juvenile group was significantly higher than that in the adult group （P〈0.05）. 116 patients with AR had positive food allergen specific IgE, with the juvenile group accounting for 85.34% （99/116）and the adult group accounting for 14.66% （17/116）.The positive percentage of the juvenile group was significantly higher than that of the adult group （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of food allergens in order were milk （57.76%）, egg （41.38%）, beef（39.66% ）, mutton （32.76%）, shrimp and crab （ 12.93% ）, cashew （ 12.07% ）, wheat （ 11.21% ）, fish （ 1.72% ）, peanut and soybean （ 1.72% ）. Conclusion The most important aeroallergens in patients with AR in Guangzhou in order are mite mixture, cockroach and cypress. And the most important food al- lergens are milk, egg and mutton.The probablity of being allergic to food and mite in juveniles is significantly higher than that in the adults.