东莞市围产儿出生缺陷调查

目的 了解东莞市出生缺陷的现状,为进一步制定出生缺陷干预措施提供依据。 方法 对2008年1月-2011年12月在东莞市各镇区住院分娩的孕龄满28周至产后7 d的围产儿556 282例进行出生缺陷监测,并对监测所得的出生缺陷资料进行分析。 结果 1)4年出生缺陷平均发生率为16.41‰,出生缺陷产前诊断率为19.32%;2)出生缺陷类型前五位顺位依次为:先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、总唇腭裂、马蹄内翻、神经管畸形;3)出生缺陷的发生具有以下特征:孕母年龄≥35岁的出生缺陷发生率明显高于其他各年龄组;双胎(或多胎)妊娠出生缺陷发生率高于单胎妊娠;东莞市本地户籍孕母出生缺陷发生率高于非东莞市户籍孕母;男性出生缺陷发生率高于女性;死亡围产儿的出生缺陷发生率远远高于存活围产儿(P值均＜0.01)。 结论 东莞市出生缺陷发生率高于全国平均水平;出生缺陷类型顺位前3位与全国顺位相同;出生缺陷发生率与孕母年龄、户籍、怀孕胎数、围产儿性别、存活状况有相关性;出生缺陷产前诊断率低,应加强以提高产前诊断水平为重点的三级干预措施,使出生缺陷发生率得到有效的遏制。

Investigation of birth defects in Dongguan

Objective To learn the variation trend and epidemiologic features of birth defects in Dongguan,and the conclusions can be used as the reference basis for formulating intervention program of birth defects. Method Statistical analysis was done to the data of birth defects monitoring of Dongguan during January 2008 to December 2011. Results 1)The incidence of infants with birth defects was 16.41‰.The prenatal diagnosis in birth defects rate was 19.32% over the period of four years.2) The first five main birth defects were congenital heart diseases,polydactyly,cleft lip and palate,congenital clubfoot,and neural tube malformations.3)The birth defect was related to residence origin of the parents,gender and number of neonates,as well as age of the pregnant women and live condition of perinatal.There were statistically significant for their differences(P all＜0.01). Conclusion The incidence of birth defects is higher than the national average in Dongguan.The prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defects is low,diagnosis should be raised for reducing the incidence of birth defects.