社区及医院感染中常见细菌的耐药性分析

目的探讨社区和医院感染中细菌耐药谱的特点。方法药敏试验用KirbyBauer法,根据2003年美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)标准判定结果,应用WHONET-5软件对临床分离细菌的药敏结果进行数据分析。结果医院感染480株,常见细菌依次为:铜绿假单胞菌(19.37%),肺炎克雷伯菌(15.83%),大肠埃希菌(11.87%)。社区感染726株,常见细菌为:金黄色葡萄球菌(14.05%),大肠埃希菌(12.67%),凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(11.43%)。医院感染的金黄色葡萄球菌,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,大肠埃希菌耐药率明显高于社区感染,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而肺炎克雷伯菌和不动杆菌属差异无统计学意义。结论重视细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗生素。

Bacterium Drug-resistance Analysis in Community and Nosocomial Infection

Objective To explore the characteristic of bacterium drug-resistance spectrum in community and nosocomial infection.Method Drug sensitivity was adopted by Kirby-Bauer method.The criterion for results were referred to National Clinical Committee of Laboratory Standard(NCCLS).The WHONET-5 software was employed to analyze these bacterium sample data acquired from clinic.Result The common bacteria in nosocomial infection in order were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(19.37%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(15.83%),Escherichia coli(11.87%).At the same time the common bacteria in community infection were Staphylococcus aureus(14.05%),Escherichia coli(12.67%),coagulase(-) staphylococcus(11.43%).The bacterium drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus,coagulase(-)staphylococcus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in nosocomial infection was apparently higher than that in community infection(P<0.01),whereas the infection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter in community and nosocomial infection was no difference.Conclusion Paying attention to bacterium drug-resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic usage is very important.