透明细胞肾细胞癌的表观遗传学研究进展

正肾脏肿瘤的发病率在人类泌尿系统肿瘤中排名第3,约占恶性肿瘤的3%,发病年龄主要在50~70岁,每年导致90 000多例患者死亡,且呈递增趋势~([1])。肾癌的具体发病机制不详,除遗传因素外,吸烟、肥胖、污染和辐射等也是重要因素。大多数透明细胞肾细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,ccRCC)患者在早期无任何症状,20%~30%患者在

Progress in epigenetic study of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

The epigenetic changes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are considered to be the main molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis, including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA change, and so on. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) catalyze the occurrence of DNA methylation. DNA methylation changes are manifested in the overall low methylation of the genome and the high methylation of specific sites, which were involved in the development of ccRCC by affecting the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Due to histone-modified enzyme involvement, histone modification is shown as possible genetic reversal. MicroRNA plays an important role in the abnormal expression of ccRCC genes. With the studies of epigenetic mechanism and molecular pathology, it is important to explore the mechanisms and to seek effective early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis intervention of ccRCC.