氮、磷、钾配施对川明参产量和品质的影响

目的研究川明参生产中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)最佳施肥组合及施肥量,为川明参大田栽培合理施肥提供技术支撑和理论依据。方法采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究N、P、K配施对川明参产量和主要有效成分的影响。结果合理的N、P、K配施可显著提高川明参的产量,并有利于总多糖及欧前胡素的积累。其中,以N_2P_1K_2的产量最高,其产量为75.22 kg/hm~2,增产率达60.67%,总多糖质量分数为25.46%,欧前胡素质量分数为0.489 mg/g;N3P2K2的产量最低,其产量为44.82 kg/hm~2,总多糖质量分数为2.40%,欧前胡素质量分数为0.379 mg/g。N、P、K 3种肥料配施对川明参产量影响的大小顺序为NPK,N肥增产效应最明显,P肥次之,K肥最差。结论最佳施肥组合为N_2P_1K_2或N_2P_3K_1,最佳施肥量为N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别为1.08、0.73、0.83 kg/hm~2或1.08、1.10、0.50 kg/hm~2。

Effects of combined application of N, P, and K on yield and quality of Chuanmingshen violaceum

Objective The best combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and application amount of fertilizer were studied to provide technical support and theoretical basis for rational fertilization in the production of Chuanmingshen violaceum. Methods The effects of N, P and K application on yield and main effective components of C. violaceum were studied by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment design. Results Reasonable N, P, and K application could significantly increase the yield of C. violaceum, and was beneficial to the accumulation of total polysaccharides and the content of imperatorin. Among them, the yield of 75.22 kg/hm² under the combination of N₂P₁K₂ was the highest, the increase rate was 60.67%, the total polysaccharide content was 25.46%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.489 mg/g. The yield of 44.82 kg/hm under the combination of N₃P₂K₂ was the lowest, the total polysaccharide content was 2.40%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.379 mg/g. The effects sequence of N, P, and K fertilizers on the yield of C. violaceum were N > P > K. The nitrogen fertilizer had the most obvious effect on the yield of C. violaceum, followed by phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer had the worst effect. Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the best combination of fertilization was N₂P₁K₂ or N₂P₃K₁. The optimum amount of fertilization of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O were 1.08, 0.73, and 0.83 kg/hm², respectively; or 1.08, 1.10, and 0.50 kg/hm², respectively.