应用光学相干断层扫描成像技术分析比较急慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的变化

目的:应用2种光学相干断层扫描技术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)分析急慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)的影像学改变。方法:对根据常规眼科检查、眼底荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)和吲哚菁绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)确诊的56例CSC患者(60眼)进行回顾性临床研究,其中急性CSC 28例(28眼),慢性CSC 28例(32眼);应用OCT血管成像(OCT angiography,OCTA)和谱域OCT(spectral domain OCT,SD-OCT)分析比较急慢性CSC患者视网膜脉络膜形态改变。结果:慢性CSC组中有4眼(12.5%)的OCTA图像中有明显的脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV),而其ICGA中却没有发现CNV的存在,急性CSC组的患者在OCTA和ICGA中均没有发现CNV;OCTA脉络膜浅层图像分析中,慢性CSC组局部暗区的出现率远高于急性CSC组(P0.01);SD-OCT图像中急性组视网膜外层结构(外界膜、肌样体区、椭圆体带、光感受器外节和视网膜色素上皮反射带)的完整性要明显优于慢性组(P0.01)。结论:本研究证实慢性CSC患眼可能存在血管造影无法显示的早期继发性CNV;急慢性CSC视网膜外层结构和脉络膜浅层结构的异常改变在OCT中存在不同特点,慢性CSC的结构损害更加严重。

Pathological changes of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy analyzed by optical coherence tomography

AIM: To analyze the imageological changes of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by 2 types of optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed, including data of 60 eyes from 56 patients with CSC diagnosed by conventional eye examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), which were divided into acute group (28 eyes of 28 patients) and chronic group (32 eyes of 28 patients) according to imageological examinations and duration (6 months). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed to study the vessel density of the chorioretinal leyers and the integrity of the outer retinal structure. RESULTS: In the patients with chronic CSC, OCTA in 4 eyes (12.50%) revealed the presence of a distinct choroidal neovascularization (CNV), while no evidence of CNV in ICGA was observed. However, no sign of CNV in acute CSC group both on OCTA and ICGA was found. The occurrence of ‘dark areas’ in chronic CSC was much higher than that in acute CSC (P<0.01). In addition, the integrity of the outer retinal structure (defined as tissue between external limiting membrane and retinal pigment epithelium) in acute group was significantly better than that in chronic group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the existing secondary CNV that is not demonstrated by ICGA in the chronic CSC patients, and the different characteristics of retinochoroid structures between acute and chronic CSC in OCTA and SD-OCT are observed. Chronic CSC has more severe structural changes.