眼科常用实验动物视网膜血管的比较

目的比较眼科常用实验动物视网膜血管尤其是视网膜毛细血管的情况,为实验时正确选择动物模型提供基础。方法取猕猴、家猪、新西兰大白兔、犬、猫、SD大鼠、C57小鼠以及豚鼠的正常眼球数个,完整剥离整个视网膜,用ADPase法进行血管染色,对视网膜血管进行形态学的比较。结果猕猴视网膜大血管从视盘穿出,分成四支分别供应视网膜四个象限,每条血管逐级分支最后成为毛细血管,其毛细血管呈网状分布,在赤道处分成两层,至周边变成一层,且有发育良好的黄斑区毛细血管拱环结构。家猪视网膜大血管由视盘发出后放射状走行,毛细血管也呈网状分布,无黄斑拱环结构。兔仅视盘两侧部分视网膜可见血管,毛细血管网状不明显。犬的视网膜血管也放射状走行,但迂曲明显,毛细血管不成网状。猫、大鼠、小鼠的视网膜大血管均由视盘发出,猫的分成上、鼻下、颞下三支,大鼠、小鼠的各方向均有,区域性不明显,三者的毛细血管网均发育良好,至周边部仍很密集,呈两层分布。豚鼠视网膜无可见的血管。结论用于研究人视网膜血管尤其是毛细血管时,可选用猕猴、家猪、猫、大鼠和小鼠作为动物模型;但要研究人黄斑区血管时,仅可选用猕猴等灵长类动物。

Comparison of the Retinal Vessels in Laboratory Animals Commonly Used in Ophthalmology

Objective To compare the retinal vessels and especially the retinal microvessels in laboratory animals commonly used in ophthalmology and provide a basis for correctly choosing the proper animal models for ophthalmological studies.Methods The normal eyeballs of rhesus monkey,pig,rabbit,dog,cat,rat,mouse and Guinea pig were taken and the retina was peeled off.The retinal vessels were prepared with ADPase staining,examined and analyzed.Reslts The retinal vessels of rhesus monkey went from the optic disc and distributed into four branches running in four quadrants and formed a connecting net.There were two layers at the equator,one layer at the peripheral part and well-developed macular capillary ring.The vessels of pig went also from the optic disc.There was also a retinal microvascular net but no macular capillary ring.Rabbit had obvious vessels only at both sides of the optic disc and not well-developed capillaries.The vessels of dog retina were circuitous and the capillaries did not form a net.The vessels in cat,rat and mouse retinae went radially into the peripheral.The vessels in cat retina formed three branches,the superior,nasal inferior and temporal inferior.The vessels of rat and mouse did not have apparent directions.All the cat,rat and mouse retinae had well-developed capillaries consisted of two layers which were dense even at the peripheral part.Guinea pig had no distinct retinal vessels.Conclusions All rhesus monkey,pig,cat,rat and mouse can be used for studying the retinal vessels especially the microvessels in humans.However,only rhesus monkey can be used to study the macular retinal microvessels.