儿童不明原因晕厥诊断的多中心研究

目的 探讨直立倾斜试验(HUTT)对儿童不明原因晕厥的诊断价值.方法 晕厥组为2002年1月至2008年4月在北京、湖南、湖北、上海四地晕厥门诊就诊或住院的379例不明原因晕厥患儿,其中男171例,女208例;年龄3～18岁,平均(12±3)岁.所有患儿通过常规检查仍不能明确患儿晕厥的原因时,进行基础直立倾斜试验(BHUTT)或舌下含化硝酸甘油激发的倾斜试验(SNHUTT)检查.对照组为10名身体健康、无晕厥及晕厥先兆病史的正常儿童,其中男5名,女5名;年龄9～15岁,平均(11.4±2.1)岁,其心血管、神经系统、心电图、超声心动图及X线胸片检查均正常;所有正常儿童均进行BHUTT或SNHUTT.结果 在379例患儿中,286例患儿为自主神经介导性晕厥(75.5%).晕厥患儿中67例为体位性心动过速综合征(17.7%);157例为血管迷走性晕厥血管抑制型(41.4%);14例为血管迷走性晕厥心脏抑制型(3.7%);47例为血管迷走性晕厥混合型(12.4%);1例患儿为直立性低血压(0.3%);93例患儿仍为不明原因晕厥(24.5%).在晕厥组和对照组中,BHUTr的诊断阳性率分别为55.9%和0,SNHUTT的诊断阳性率分别为75.5%和20.0%.BHUTT阳性患者在BHUTT过程中出现阳性反应的时间平均为(16±12)min,阳性反应出现时的体位均为倾斜60°体位;SNHUTT阳性患儿在SNHUTT过程中出现阳性反应的时间平均为(6±4)min,阳性反应出现时的体位均为倾斜60°体位并舌下含化硝酸甘油.结论 应用HUTT可较好地、客观地对儿童自主神经介导性晕厥进行诊断,SNHUTT具有较高的诊断阳性率,明显提高了BHUTT的诊断阳性率,且阳性反应时间明显低于BHUTT.

Diagnosis of unexplained syncope in children: a multi-center study

Objective To examine the diagnostic value of head-up tilt test in children with unexplained syncope (UPS). Methods A total of 379 children (171 males, 208 females) aged 3 -18 years, mean age(12±3) years with unexplained syncope from Beijing, Hunan, Hubei and Shanghai and undergoing baseline head-up tilt tests (BHUTY) or head-up tilt tests potentiated with nitroglycerine (SNHUTT) under a quiet circumstance were selected as the syncope group. Ten healthy children (5 males, 5 females) aged 9 -15 years with a mean age of (11.4±2.1) years,were recruited as the control group. SPSS 10.0 software was used for data analysis. Results In 379 children with unexplained syncope, 67 (17.7%) were of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), 157 (41.4%) of vasovagal syncope vasoinhibitory pattern, 14 (3.7%) of vasovagal syncope cardioinhibitory pattern, 47 (12.4%) of vasovagal syncope mixed pattern, 1 (0.3%) of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and 93 children (24.5%) of UPS. In syncope group and control group, the positive rate of BHUTT was 55.9% and 0 respectively and it was 75.5% and 20.0% respectively for SNHUTT. During BHUTT, the mean time of positive response occurrence was (16±12) minutes, and the posture when positive response appeared was at a tilt angle of 60 degrees. For SNHUTT, the mean time of positive response occurrence was (6±4) minutes and the posture was at a tilt angle of 60 degrees when potentiated with nitroglycerine. Conclusion HuTr is an objective diagnostic tool of UPS. With a high diagnostic positive rate, SNHUTT can improve the diagnostic positive rate of BHUTT. Meanwhile the time of positive response occurrence during SNHUTT is markedly shorter than BHUTT.