王老吉凉茶遗传毒性和致畸作用实验研究

目的观察王老吉凉茶浸膏的遗传毒性和致畸作用。方法小鼠骨髓微核实验和小鼠精子畸形实验均选取NIH种小鼠以2.5、5.0、10.0 g/（kg·bw）灌胃给予王老吉凉茶浸膏[折算生药剂量16.65、33.30、66.60 g/（kg·bw）],观察各组微核发生率和精子畸形发生率。Ames实验选用鼠伤寒沙门菌TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株,实验剂量为5 000、1 000、200、40、8μg/皿王老吉凉茶浸膏（折算生药剂量33.30、6.66、1.33、0.27、0.05 mg/皿）,观察各菌株的回变菌落数。大鼠致畸实验选取SD种孕鼠在孕期第7～16天以1.63、3.25、6.50 g/（kg·bw）的王老吉凉茶浸膏[折算生药剂量10.86、21.65、43.29 g/（kg·bw）]经口灌胃,观察孕鼠的母体毒性和胎鼠的生长发育、骨骼、内脏畸形情况。大鼠致畸实验设阴性对照组,小鼠骨髓微核实验、小鼠精子畸形实验和Ames实验均设阳性对照组和阴性对照组。结果阴性对照组与王老吉凉茶浸膏各剂量组间的微核率（雄小鼠组分别为1.8‰、2.0‰、2.4‰、2.2‰;雌小鼠组分别为2.0‰、2.4‰、2.0‰、2.6‰）和精子畸形率（分别为17.2‰、14.8‰、18.0‰、19.0‰）,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。Ames试验王老吉凉茶浸膏各剂量组的回变菌落数均未超过阴性对照组自发回变菌落数的2倍,Ames实验结果为阴性。王老吉凉茶浸膏各剂量组对母鼠的体重增长、活胎率、死胎率、吸收胎率与阴性对照组相比,差异均未见统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。王老吉凉茶浸膏各剂量组对胎鼠的平均体重、平均身长、平均尾长和骨骼畸形发生率与阴性对照组相比,差异亦未见统计学意义（均P〉0.05）,胎鼠外观、内脏检查均未发现畸形,致畸实验结果为阴性。结论在本实验条件和剂量范围内,未观察到王老吉凉茶遗传毒性和致畸作用。

Genotoxicity and teratogenicity of Wanglaoji herbal tea

Objective To study the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of Wanglaoji herbal tea. Methods NIH mice were gavaged with Wanglaoji herbal tea extract at doses of 2. 5,5. 0,and 10. 0 g /kg-bw（ equivalent to 16. 65,33. 30,and 66. 60 g/kg-bw of herbal crude drugs） to examine sperm abnormality and micronuclei of bone marrow using bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mice sperm abnormality test. Salmonella typhimurium strains of TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 were used in Ames tests at the doses of 5 000,1 000,200,40,and 8 μg / plate of Wanglaoji herbal tea extract（ equivalent to 33. 30,6. 66,1. 33, 0. 27,and 0. 05 mg / plate of herbal crude drugs）,to determine each state＇s number of revertant colonies. Pregnant SD female rats were exposed to doses of 1. 63,3. 25,6. 50 g / kg-bw of Wanglaoji herbal tea extract（ equivalent to 10. 86,21. 65,43. 29 g / kg-bw of herbal crude drugs） through stomach feeding for conducting the teratogenicity test. Embryonic and fetal developmental parameters were surveyed. External, skeletal and internal organ anomalies were examined. Both negative and positive control groups were set in bone marrow cell micronucleus test,mouse sperm abnormality test and Ames test. Only negative control group was set in teratogenicity test. Results No significant differences were found in micronucleus rates of negative control group and three dose groups of Wanglaoji herbal tea extract（ 1. 8‰,2. 0‰,2. 4‰,and 2. 2‰ for male mouse group and 2. 0‰,2. 4‰,2. 0‰,and 2. 6‰ for female mouse group,respectively） and the sperm deformity rates（ 17. 2‰,14. 8‰,18. 0‰,and 19. 0‰,respectively）（ all P 0. 05）. Compared with the control group,Ames test（ in presence or absence of S9） did not show Wanglaoji herbal tea extract groups a 2-fold increase in the spontaneous reversion colonies. The result of Ames test was negative. The result of teratogenicity test showed that no significant difference was found in activity,weight gain,live birth rate,stillbirth rate,and absorbed fetus rate of pregnant mice between the control and Wanglaoji herbal tea extract groups（ all P 0. 05）. There was no difference in the rates of fetal mortality and embryos absorption,as well as in the increase of weight,body length and tail length of fetal mice between the control and Wanglaoji herbal tea extract groups（ all P 0. 05）. No external or internal organ or skeletal anomalies was observed. The result of teratogenicity test was negative. Conclusion Under the experimental conditions and dose ranges in this paper,the genotoxicity and teratogenic effects of Wanglaoji herbal tea extract were not observed.