2007—2011年广州市部分食品添加剂监测结果分析

目的了解2007—2011年广州市食品添加剂使用情况。方法于2007—2011年在广州市12个区（县级市）的居民主要消费场所（包括餐饮业、超市、肉菜市场、批发市场、零售点等）采用多阶段分层抽样方法选取采样点,以随机采样方式采集不同商家样品,每一批次的同类食品只采1份样品,按国家标准方法对食品中的添加剂（包括防腐剂、甜味剂、漂白剂、护色剂及着色剂）进行检测及评价。结果共采集各类食品样品1 996份,合格1 596份,合格率为79.96%;总监测项目数为11 999项,合格项目数为11 531项,项目合格率为96.10%;检出项目数为2 433项,项目检出率为20.28%。其中防腐剂（苯甲酸、山梨酸）的总合格率为95.17%（3 113/3 271）、甜味剂（糖精钠、甜蜜素、安赛蜜）的总合格率为88.65%（789/890）、漂白剂（二氧化硫）的合格率为84.66%（276/326）、护色剂（亚硝酸盐）的合格率为99.90%（1 001/1 002）、着色剂（胭脂红、苋菜红、柠檬黄、日落黄、亮蓝）的总合格率为97.57%（6 352/6 510）。5大类食品的合格率分别为熟肉制品86.72%（875/1 009）、凉果蜜饯57.94%（146/252）、饮料100.00%（212/212）、米面制品73.22%（134/183）、凉拌菜67.35%（229/340）,5类食品的合格率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论广州市5类食品中12种食品添加剂均存在不同程度的超标使用情况,建议继续加强食品添加剂的监测工作。

Analysis of surveillance results of food additives in Guangzhou City,2007-2011

Objective To understand the usage of food additives in Guangzhou City during 20072011. Methods Sampling sites were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method in major consuming places（ catering services,supermarkets,meat grocers,wholesale markets,retail shops,etc.） in 12 districts（ or county-level cities） of Guangzhou during 20072011. We collected only one sample from each batch of similar food samples of different merchants by random sampling methods. Food additives（ including preservatives,sweeteners,decolorizer bleach,color fixative and colorants） were detected and assessed in accordance with national standard methods. Results Among 1 996 various food samples collected,1 596 were qualified,with a passing rate of 79. 96%. The qualified items were 11 531 out of the 11 999 total monitored items,with a passing rate of 96. 10%. The number of checkout items were 2 433, with a positive rate of 20. 28%. The passing rates were 95. 17%（ 3 113 /3 271） for the preservative（ benzoic acid,sorbic acid）,88. 65%（ 789 /890） for the sweetener（ sodium saccharin,sodium cyclamate,acesulfame-K）,84. 66%（ 276 /326） for the decolorizer（ sulfur dioxide）,99. 90%（ 1 001 /1 002） for color protection agent（ nitrite） and 97. 57%（ 6 352 /6 510） for colorants（ carmine,amaranth,tartrazine,sunset yellow,blue）. The passing rates of five main foodstuffs were 86. 72%（ 875 /1 009） for the deli meats, 57. 94%（ 146 /252） for candied succades,100. 00%（ 212 /212） for beverage,73. 22%（ 134 /183） for rice and flour products,and 67. 35%（ 229 /340） for cold vegetable dish in sauce,with statistically significant difference（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion There were varying degrees of excessive use of 12 kinds of food additives among five main foodstuffs in Guangzhou. Therefore,we suggest strengthening the monitoring of food additives.