京沪两地小学生早餐行为调查及影响因素分析

背景每天吃早餐是世界卫生组织倡导的一种促进健康的行为,而早餐常被忽视. 目的了解京沪两地小学生早餐现状及影响早餐的行为因素,为深入研究小学生早餐问题,制定和开展"学生营养早餐计划"提供科学依据.设计以小学生为研究对象,采用分层整群抽样方法,调查研究.单位二所大学的儿少卫生研究所.对象2002-03/06,调查对象是北京、上海两城市8 688名6～11岁的学生.其中北京6～11岁的小学生共4 692名,有效问卷4637份.男2 386名,女生为2 251名.上海6～11岁的小学生4 300名,有效问卷4 051份.男2 031名,女2 020名.方法采用问卷调查的方法.调查内容包括家庭一般情况、饮食喜好、早餐食物选择、奶类摄入等情况.结果小学生不能保证每天吃早餐的比例分别为北京男生25.8%、女生21.6%;上海男生11.4%、女生13.3%.学生不吃早餐的原因主要是没有食欲、没有时间吃、家长没时间.学生早餐食物品种单调,质量较差.学生早餐55%以上由母亲准备,食用早餐的地点以家里为主,其次为上学路上和饭馆小摊,早餐费用2～3元.学生吃早餐的行为与其母亲的吃早餐行为密切相关(r=0.4333,P<0.01).结论京沪两地小学生的早餐质量有待改善,父母的饮食行为影响到其子女的饮食行为.

Breakfast practice of pupils in Beijing and Shanghai and the factors contributing to it

BACKGROUND: Having breakfast everyday is a behavior promoting health recommended WHO, while it is easy to be ignored.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the breakfast habits of pupils in Beijing and Shanghai so as to provide a scientific basis for further studying the problems in having breakfast among the pupils, drafting and developing "nutritious breakfast program for students".DESIGN: Stratified and cluster sampling and investigation study were used based on the pupils.SETTING: Institute of health for child of two universities.SUBJECTS: A total of 8688 six to eleven years old Beijing and Shanghai pupils were involved from March 2002 to June 2002. Among them 4692 pupils came from Beijing. There were 4637 valid questionnaires, 2386 of which were from male pupils and 2251 from female pupiIs. Among the total subjects, there were 4300 Shanghai pupils, and 4051 questionnaires were valid, of which 2031 were from the male pupils and 2020 from female students.METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. The content of the questionnaire included the general conditions of the family, dietary preferences, food for breakfast, consumption of the milk food and so on.RESULTS: The results showed that about 25.8% boys and 21.6% girls in Beijing did not eat breakfast regularly; similarly, the percentage was about 11.4% for boys and 13.3% for girls in Shanghai. The reasons for not having breakfast included the following: They had no appetite, or had no enough time for it, or the parents were too busy to prepare in the mornings. For those of them who eat breakfasts, the nutrients of their breakfast usually were not adequate. 55% of the students had their breakfast prepared by their mothers. As for the eating sites, students mainly ate at home; the next was having it on the way to school or eating at the roadside luncheonettes. The cost of breakfast was 2 - 3 yuan. The breakfast behaviors of the pupils were closely related with the behaviors of their mothers( r = 0. 4333, P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that quality of breakfast of the pupils need to be improved. The behaviors of the parents influence their children in breakfast habits.