瘦肉精短期染毒对小鼠肝肾功能及遗传毒性的影响

目的探讨瘦肉精短期染毒对小鼠肝肾功能的影响及遗传毒性损伤。方法取40只KM小鼠随机分为4组，每组10只，雌雄各半，分别饮用含瘦肉精1．26mg／kg、2．52mg／kg、12．6mg／kg的水（剂量组）和不含瘦肉精的水（对照组），连续染毒28d，观察染毒过程中小鼠临床表现，结束染毒后测定肝肾功能及脏器系数。另取50只KM小鼠随机分成5组，每组lO只，雌雄各半，连续5d分别以6．3mg／kg、12．6mg／kg、25．2mg／kg三个剂量瘦肉精经口灌胃染毒，阴性对照组以等量超纯水灌胃，阳性对照以80mg／kg环膦酰胺腹腔注射。末次染毒后24h后处死动物，分别应用小鼠骨髓染色体畸变试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精原细胞畸变试验对瘦肉精的体细胞及生殖细胞遗传毒性作用进行研究。结果28d短期染毒过程中小鼠出现呼吸加快、烦躁不安、毛发蓬松及肌肉震颤症状，肝功能AST含量逐渐升高，肾功能SUA含量和肝脏系数与对照组相比显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。小鼠骨髓染色体畸变试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核、精原细胞畸变试验结果，与阴性对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论本次试验剂量28d短期染毒瘦肉精对小鼠的肝肾有一定的损害；经小鼠骨髓染色体畸变试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核、精原细胞畸变试验研究，瘦肉精体细胞和生殖细胞的遗传毒性均为阴性。

Influence of short-term exposure to Clenbuterol on the hepatic and renal functions and genetic toxicology ofmice.

Objective To explore the influence of short-term exposure to clenbuterol on the hepatic and re- nal functions and genetic toxicology of Mice. Methods 40 KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were 10 mice in each group which were half male and half female. The mice in dose groups were fed with clenbuterol solution of different concentration （1.26 mg/kg, 2.52 mg/kg, 12.6 mg/kg） respectively and the mice in control group were fed with water. Mice were fed continuously for 28 day in each group. Clinical manifestations were observed dur- ing the exposure. Hepatic and renal fimctions along with organic coefficients were determined after the exposure. Moreover, another 50 KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. There were 10 mice in each group which were half male and half female. The mice in dose groups were administered with clenbuterol of different dosage （6.3 mg/kg, 12.6 mg/kg, 25.2 mg/kg） respectively by gavage once a day for 5 days. The mice in negative control group were ad- ministered with equal volume of ultrapure water by gavage while the mice in positive control group were injected in- traperitoneally with 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamidum （CY）. Mice were killed 24 hours after the last exposure to deter- mine the genetic toxicology of clenbuterol on somatic cells and germ cells through chromosome aberration test, poly- chromatic erythrocytes （PCE） of bone marrow cells and SSCS distortion test. Results Mice had symptoms of breath- ing rapidly, dysphoria, shaggy and muscle tremors dunng the process of exposure to clenbuterol for 28 days. The level of AST increased gradually while the level of SUA and liver coefficient of the dose groups were significantly de- creased than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. There were no statistical differences between those dose groups and the control group on the results of chromosome aberration test, polychromatic erythrocytes （PCE） of bone marrow cells and SSCS distortion test （P〉0.05）. Conclusion In short-term exposure to clenbuterol for 28 days, the hepatic and renal functions of mice were damaged. The results of chromosome aberration test, polychromatic erythrocytes（PCE） of bone marrow cells and SSCS distortion test showed that clenbuterol has no genetic toxicity to somatic cells and germ cells.