生物监测在化学危害物风险评估中的应用

风险评估，是目前国际上推崇的评估暴露于环境化学危害物导致不良人体健康效应概率的科学方法，已在世界各国广泛使用。然而，在大部分的风险评估中，因缺乏人群暴露和剂量的数据而增加了评估的不确定性。生物监测能提高风险评估的准确性和真实性，直接提供人体内暴露和早期效应的信息。目前，许多国际组织和发达国家已建立生物监测项目，并鼓励将生物监测数据应用于风险评估之中。本文将阐述生物监测的定义和发展，详细描述化学危害物风险评估和暴露评估中生物监测的作用，举例说明风险评估中生物监测数据的解释，以及整合生物监测的局限性。总之，随着各类数据的积累，生物监测有能力使化学危害物风险评估更完善。

Application of Biomonitoring in Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards

Risk assessment was widely used as a scientific tool around the world to evaluate the probability of human health effects resulting from chemical hazards exposure. However, limited resources increased the uncertainties in most risk assessments such as lack of human exposure and dose data. Biomonitoring was a direct way to provide human data on internal exposure and early effects for a more precise and realistic risk assessment. Many developed countries and international institutes had established biomonitoring programs and encourage applying biomonitoring data in the risk assessment process. This article addressed the definition and development of biomonitoring, depicts the use of biomonitoring in chemical risk assessment and exposure assessment, illustrates the interpretation of biomonitoring data for risk assessment, and illuminates the limitations of integration of biomonitoring data in risk assessment. In conclusion, biomonitoring has the potential to greatly improve chemical risk assessment with the accumulation of relevant data.