合成氨装置急性中毒事故风险分析的研究

目的针对有毒气体急性中毒的职业病危害特点,以国内外风险理论为基础,研究并开发适用于有毒气体急性中毒定量风险分析的内容与程序,对其在职业病危害预评价中的应用举出工程实例并加以阐述。方法主要运用定性及定量分析的方法,系统识别建设项目中可能产生急性中毒事故的各种风险因素,并对可能导致的后果及对应的概率进行评价,定量分析急性中毒事故的后果及严重程度。结果实例分析中合成氨装置生产工艺存在一氧化碳泄漏并发生急性中毒的危险,通过风险分析得出一氧化碳泄漏扩散影响的范围及危害程度,确定出急性一氧化碳中毒事故产生的后果及发生的概率,按照风险可接受水平提出必要的防范与应急措施建议。结论通过实际应用证明风险分析将有利于建设项目全过程风险管理,提高应急救援的能力。是工作环境风险评价体系的一部分,作为职业病危害预评价方法是非常必要的,有广泛应用价值和前景。

Study on Risk of Acute Poisoning Accident in a Synthetic Ammonia Equipment

Objective The quantitative risk analysis procedure of acute gaseous poisoning accidents was developed based on international risk theory and the characteristics of acute gaseous poisoning.This procedure was applied in the pre-assessment of occupational hazards of a set of engineering,as a demonstrated example.Methods The qualitative and quantitative risk analysis method was used to identify systematically all risk factors that could cause acute poisoning accident in the construction project,to evaluate the probability of potential adverse results,and analyze quantitatively the severity of acute poisoning accident.Results There is the risk of carbon monoxide leakage and succedent acute poisoning accident in the synthetic ammonia equipment process of this engineering set.The diffusion scope of carbon monoxide leakage and its aftereffect could be estimated by risk analysis.The probability of carbon monoxide poisoning accident could be given.The suggestion on prevention and emergency measure are given according to the acceptable risk level.Conclusion Risk analysis is proven useful by the demonstrated example in the risk management of construction project and the improvement of emergency rescue ability.It can be widely used as a part of the environment risk assessment system and necessary element of pre-assessment of occupational hazard.