北京市某区居民膳食模式及其影响因素研究

目的 利用膳食模式进行饮食行为分析并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法，对某区18~79岁的居民进行调查。采用食物频数调查表了解居民膳食情况，利用因子分析法建立膳食模式，无序多分类Logistic回归法分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果 被调查居民3 624人中有5种主要膳食模式，分别命名为肉类模式、果汁饮料模式、主食酒水模式、传统模式和蛋奶模式。单因素分析结果发现文化程度、职业类型、性别、年龄与膳食模式得分关联均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多分类Logistic分析结果显示:肉类模式得分与文化程度呈正相关（P=0.003，OR=1.841，95%CI:1.234~2.748），与女性呈负相关（P<0.001，OR=0.428，95%CI:0.315~0.582）；果汁饮料模式得分与年龄（P<0.001，OR=0.946，95%CI:0.932~0.961）、女性（P=0.020，OR=0.694，95%CI:0.510~0.943）、患有糖尿病（P=0.013，OR=0.456，95%CI:0.246~0.846）呈负相关；主食酒水模式与女性负相关（P<0.001，OR=0.083，95%CI:0.058~0.118），与从事体力活动性工作正相关（P=0.027，OR=1.529，95%CI:1.050~2.228）；传统模式与家人共同生活（P=0.005，OR=1.636，95%CI:1.160~2.305）正相关，与学生负相关（P=0.027，OR=0.091，95%CI:0.011~0.765）；蛋奶模式与年龄（P<0.001，OR=1.036，95%CI:1.021~1.051）、女性（P<0.001，OR=1.922，95%CI:1.414~2.612）、文化程度（P<0.001，OR=2.598，95%CI:1.759~3.837）呈正相关。结论 居民的饮食行为会受到年龄、性别、文化程度、职业等因素的影响，应根据不同人群的膳食模式特点，为其提供针对性的健康教育与行为干预。

Analysis on dietary pattern and its influencing factors among residents in a district of Beijing

Objective To investigate the dietary pattern and its influencing factors among residents in a district of Beijing. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, residents aged 18-79 years old were recruited in the survey. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary intake, and the dietary patterns were defined by factor analysis.Multinomial regression Logistic models were performed to determine the influencing factors of different dietary patterns. Results There were 5 dietary patterns derived from 3 624 residents, which were named as pattern of "meat", "juice and beverages", "alcohol and staple", tradition and "egg and diary". Single factor analysis showed that residents dietary patterns were associated with their educational level, gender, age and occupation (all P<0.05). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis results showed that "meat" pattern was positively associated with educational level(P=0.003, OR=1.841, 95% CI:1.234-2.748) while negatively with female(P<0.001, OR=0.428, 95% CI:0.315-0.582),"juice and beverages"pattern negatively with age (P<0.001, OR=0.946, 95% CI:0.932-0.961), female(P=0.020, OR=0.694, 95% CI:0.510-0.943) and diabetes patients (P=0.013, OR=0.456, 95% CI:0.246-0.846),"alcohol and staple" pattern negatively with female (P<0.001, OR=0.083, 95% CI:0.058-0.118) while positively with physical laborers (P=0.027, OR=1.529, 95% CI:1.050-2.228),traditional pattern negatively with students (P=0.027, OR=0.091, 95% CI:0.011-0.765) while positively with those who lived with other family members (P=0.005, OR=1.636, 95% CI:1.160-2.305),"egg and diary" pattern positively with age (P<0.001, OR=1.036, 95% CI:1.021-1.051), female (P<0.001, OR=1.922, 95% CI:1.414-2.612) and educational level (P<0.001, OR=2.598, 95% CI:1.759-3.837). Conclusions Dietary patterns of the residents were associated with age, gender, educational level and occupations. Targeted nutritional interventions should be provided based on their specific dietary behavior and patterns.