我国东中西部地区的农村老年人抑郁状况及影响因素

目的 了解我国东中西部农村老年人的抑郁状况及其影响因素。方法 以2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据中2 896名65岁及以上的农村老年人为研究对象，采用二分类Logistic回归模型，从社会人口、社会经济、生活方式以及健康状况四个方面探讨东中西部的农村老年人抑郁状况的影响因素。结果 东中西部的农村老年人患抑郁状况的差异有统计学意义（χ2=33.63，P<0.001），东中西部农村老年人抑郁率分别为24.34%、30.11%、36.77%。东中西部农村老年人的抑郁症状主要受性别、婚姻状况、家庭月均支出、参加社交活动、饮酒、慢性病以及自评健康的影响（均有P<0.05），有伴侣（OR=0.774，95%CI:0.640~0.936）、中等家庭月均支出（OR=0.797，95%CI:0.651~0.977）、参加社交活动（OR=0.788，95%CI:0.668~0.930）及饮酒（OR=0.789，95%CI:0.649~0.960）为抑郁的保护因素，女性（OR=1.736，95%CI:1.400~2.153）、慢性病（OR=1.328，95%CI:1.091~1.618）及自评健康不良（OR=2.924，95%CI:2.259~3.784）为抑郁的危险因素。结论 防治农村老年人的抑郁，需要注重农村地区老年人的心理干预，加强社会支持。同时还需防治慢性病，全面提高老年人健康水平。

The eastern-middle-western depression and the determinants among Chinese rural elderly

Objective To investigate the disparity and determinants of depression of rural elderly among eastern, middle and western regions. Methods China health and retirement longitudinal study dataset of 2013, binary Logistic regression were adopted to analyze determinants of depression among 2 896 rural elderly who were 65 and older. Results The difference of eastern-middle-western depression was statistically significant (χ2=33.63, P<0.001). There were 24.34% depressive elderly from eastern area, 30.11% from middle area and 36.77% from western area. The depression was mainly influenced by gender, marital status, household monthly average expenditure, social activities, drinking, chronical disease and self-rated health (all P<0.05). And having parterns(OR=0.774,95% CI:0.640-0.936), middle monthly household average expenditure(OR=0.797, 95% CI:0.651-0.977), joining in social activities(OR=0.788, 95% CI:0.668-0.930) and drinking(OR=0.789, 95% CI:0.649-0.960) were protective factors of depression, while female(OR=1.736, 95% CI:1.400-2.153), chronical disease(OR=1.328,95% CI:1.091-1.618)and bad self-rated health status (OR=2.924, 95% CI:2.259-3.784) were risk factors. Conclusions Early and effective measures should be taken to prevent and cure depression of rural elderly. And choronical disease need to be prevented to promote rural elderly's health status.