共享单车道路交通伤害的流行特征及危险因素研究

目的 调查分析共享单车（互联网租赁自行车）道路交通伤害流行特征及危险因素，为采取相应防控措施提供数据。方法 通过网络邀请、街头拦截和学校抽取，调查北上广深杭等10城市2 883名共享单车用户的道路交通伤害、骑行体验、安全认知和骑行行为。在杭州市抽取205名共享单车使用者，测量骑行速度并评估风险。结果 研究对象中的202名报告292次过去一年内的与骑行有关的道路交通事件，44例符合伤害定义，调查伤害发生率为1.53%（44/2 883），部位多为下肢（30/44，68.18%）。过去一周骑行次数（OR:1.94，95%CI:1.38~2.73，P=0.006），紧张情绪（OR:1.82，95%CI:1.32~2.52，P=0.004），刹车失灵（OR:1.96，95%CI:1.39~2.75，P<0.001）与车轮打滑（OR:1.94，95%CI:1.38~2.73，P<0.001）为危险因素。骑行体验、安全认知情况较差的研究对象分别占35.10%和15.68%，83.80%有危险行为。现场观察共享单车平均车速为（12.2±2.6）km/h，34.15%骑车者（70/205）存在危险行为。结论 共享单车道路交通伤害是应重视的公共卫生问题，今后应开展减少损伤发生及降低损伤严重性的研究。

Study on epidemic characteristics and risk factors of road traffic injury on shared bicycles

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of road traffic injury on shared bicycles (internet rental bicycles) and to provide the data for corresponding injury prevention and control measures. Methods By using web invitation, street interception and primary school selection, 2 883 shared bicycle riders in 10 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hangzhou were investigated about road traffic injury, riding experience, safety awareness and riding behaviors. Two hundred and five shared bike riders in Hangzhou were selected for velocity measurement and risk assessment. Results During the past year, 202 of all respondents reported their 292 any bike-related road traffic accidents, of which 44 were confirmed as injuries, with the incidence of 1.53% (44/2883). Of 44 injury sites, most were lower limbs (30,68.18%). Certain cycling experience or habits such as times of riding during the last week (OR:1.94, 95% CI:1.38-2.73, P=0.006), nervousness (OR:1.82, 95% CI:1.32-2.52, P=0.004), brake failure (OR:1.96, 95%CI:1.39-2.75, P<0.001) and wheel slips (OR:1.94, 95% CI:1.38-2.73, P<0.001) were associated with higher risk of injury. Among the respondents, 35.10% had uncomfortable riding experience, 15.68% had poor safety awareness and 83.80% had dangerous behaviors. The speed of shared bicycles were 12.2±2.6 km/h, and 34.15% of users (70/205) had dangerous behaviors in the field observation. Conclusion The road traffic injury of shared bikes is a public health issue that should be paid attention to and appropriate technologies such as preventing injury and reducing its severity should be performed in future.