ICU护士职业性腰背痛现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解ICU护士职业性腰背痛的流行状况,并分析其影响因素,为制定预防和减少护士职业损伤的干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 本研究采用横断面调查的流行病学研究方法,通过便利抽样,于2015年6-8月抽取浙江省4所三甲医院的202名ICU护士作为研究对象,进行腰背痛的评定和问卷调查。调查内容包括ICU护士一般人口学资料、职业性腰背痛患病状况、职业性腰背痛的影响因素。采用 x±s、构成比和率等描述ICU护士职业性腰背痛现状,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探讨ICU护士职业性腰背痛的相关影响因素。 结果 202名ICU护士中共有143名在过去一年中存在职业性腰背痛,职业性腰背痛年患病率为70.8%。在有职业性腰背痛的ICU护士中,在过去一年中,有40.1%的ICU护士总患病时间超过30 d,有19.3%的ICU护士因腰背痛而减少活动总时间超过30 d,有21.8%的ICU护士因腰背痛检查治疗过。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示影响ICU护士职业性腰背痛的因素有:工龄(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.38~3.66)、搬抬重物次数(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.18~4.35)、工作紧张(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.24~2.99)、身体锻炼(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.41~0.86)、月夜班数(OR=2.37,95%CI:1.53~3.72)。 结论 ICU护士职业性腰背痛患病状况严峻,为降低其职业性腰背痛患病率,应针对可改变的影响因素采取适当的职业防护措施,如加强培训,纠正不良姿势,加强体育锻炼,科学排班等。 

Study on current status and influencing factors of occupational low back pain among ICU nurses

Objective To understand the condition of low back pain and analyze the influencing factors related to low back pain among nurses in intensive care unit (ICU),so as to supply evidence for reducing and preventing occupational injuries. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. From June, 2015 to August, 2015, we investigated 202 ICU nurses from 4 hospitals in Zhejiang province, which were selected by convenience sampling method. General social demographic characteristics, condition of low back pain and the relevant influencing factors of low back pain were investigated. The mean±standard deviation, composition ratio and rate were used to describe the condition of low back pain. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relevant influencing factors of low back pain. Results The 143 of 202 participants had a vocational low back pain. The prevalence of occupational low back pain among ICU nurses was 70.8%. Among ICU nurses who had lower back pain, in the past year, 40.1% of them had a total duration of illness more than 30 days, 19.3% of them reduced daily activities time for more than 30 days, and 21.8% of them had received examination and treatment. The main factors, which were related to occupational low back pain among ICU nurses were working years (OR=2.17, 95% CI:1.38-3.66), times of lifting heavy loads(OR=2.14, 95% CI:1.18-4.35), occupational stress (OR=1.83, 95% CI:1.24-2.99), physical exercise (OR=0.62, 95% CI:0.41-0.86) and moonlit night shift (OR=2.37, 95% CI:1.53-3.72). Conclusion The condition of low back pain among ICU nurses was serious. Interventions related to influencing factors, such as strengthening the training to correct bad posture, strengthening physical exercise and making scientific work scheduling, should be taken to reduce the incidence of low back pain.