乌鲁木齐市1995-2014年汉族中小学生视力不良变化趋势

了解乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良20年中的发展变化趋势,为青少年近视防治工作提供依据.方法 对乌鲁木齐市1995-2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的结果进行分析.结果 1995-2010年乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良检出率从29.3%增长至58.7%,且呈逐年上升趋势,其中城市女生视力不良率增长32.7百分点,增长幅度最大;乡村男生增长27.0百分点,增长幅度最小.与2010年相比,2014年整体视力不良检出率下降6.3百分点,逐年上升趋势得到遏制,城乡学生和男女生均呈现相同趋势;除1995年外,2000-2014年女生的视力不良检出率均高于男生,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);小学、初中和高中学生的整体视力不良检出率中,高中段增长幅度最高(增长34.8百分点),小学段增长幅度最低(增长17.2百分点);小学段城乡学生视力不良检出率的差别随年份逐渐增加,初中段城乡视力不良检出率随年份呈波动趋势,高中段城乡视力不良检出率随年份趋于一致;在1995-2014年视力不良程度的构成比中,轻度视力不良占比例最低,重度视力不良占比例最高;男女和城乡学生视力不良程度构成比与整体趋势保持一致,且趋势在男女和城乡方面差异均无统计学意义.结论 乌鲁木齐市汉族中小学生视力不良率在1995-2010年间整体呈上升趋势.

Prevalence and trends of low vision among Han students from primary and secondary schools in Urumqi city during 1995 to 2014

Objective In order to explore the prevalence and trends of myopia among Han students in primary and middle schools in Urumqi during 1995 to 2014,and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of myopia.Methods Data from National Students Physical Fitness and Health Examination from 1995 to 2014 in Urumqi were analyzed.Results During 1995 to 2010,Urumqi Han elementary and middle school students in poor vision detection rate increased from 29.3% to 58.7%,and increased year by year.The city girls' poor eyesight rate growth of 32.7%,the largest increase,rural boys grew 27%,the growth rate of the smallest.Compared with 2010,in 2014 the overall detection rate of poor eyesight dropped 6.3 percentage points,year by year the rise has been checked,urban and rural students and male and female students showed the same trend.Except for 1995,girls detection rate of poor eyesight was higher than that of male students in 2000-2014,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the overall vision of primary school and middle school students in senior high school period rate,the senior high school had highest growth rate (an increase of 34.8 percentage points) primary school had lowest growth rate (an increase of 17.2 percentage points).Primary school period of urban and rural students in poor vision detection rate difference with the year increased gradually,some urban and rural junior high prevalence of poor vision with the year fluctuated trend of urban and rural high school,the detection rate of poor eyesight was consistent with the year;during 1995-2014,poor eyesight accounted for more than the minimum,the highest proportion of severe vision the constituent ratio;consistent with the overall trend of men and women in urban and rural areas and the poor eyesight of students,and the differences in men and women in urban and rural areas and the trend was not statistically significant.Conclusion Myopia of the Han students in primary and middle schools increases gradually from 1995 to 2010 and is showing a decreasing trend in 2014.