蚌埠市农村老人子女数和健康状况对养老意愿的影响分析

目的 在人口老龄化背景下,研究农村地区老人子女数和健康状况对老人养老意愿的影响,为政府制定养老政策提供科学依据。 方法 在2016年利用分层随机抽样法抽取蚌埠市李楼乡农村老人(≥ 60岁)进行问卷调查,共计收回有效问卷249份,实际纳入研究244份。针对老人子女数和健康状况对其养老意愿的影响,分别进行单因素χ2检验(或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验)和多因素Logistic回归分析。 结果 4个子女的老人居多[70(28.7%)],老人健康状况处于中等水平。本地区老人养老意愿选择上家庭养老占多数[178(73.0%)],95%置信区间:67.2%~78.3%。在养老意愿单因素分析中,子女数(χ2=2.803,P=0.246)和健康状况(自评:χ2=5.385,日常生活活动能力:χ2=2.987,生活满意:χ2=2.111,均P>0.05)在对老人养老意愿选择上差异均无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,子女数(P>0.05)对老人养老意愿选择上差异仍无统计学意义。健康状况自变量中,只有自评健康差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其OR值为8.802,95%置信区间:1.030~75.210。 结论 子女的多少对老人养老意愿的选择无影响,本研究给我们一个启示,今后的研究可以从子女数上转向社会经济状况(如子女经济状况、婚姻状况等)。家庭养老在老人心中仍占有重要地位。自评健康状况差的老人更倾向选择家庭养老方式,所以可以进一步提高家庭护理水平,让老人更好地享受晚年生活。 

Impact of the number of children and physical condition of the elderly on willingness of elderly support in rural areas in Bengbu

Objective With aging population, this paper aims to study the impact of the number of children and physical condition of the elderly on the willingness of elderly support in rural areas and provide scientific basis for making elderly-support policy. Methods A stratified random sampling method is used to investigate the rural elderly (≥ 60) with questionnaires in Lilou Township, Bengbu City in 2016. A total of 249 valid questionnaires were collected and 244 were included in the study. To study impact of the number of children and physical condition of the elderly on willingness of elderly support, one-way χ2 analysis(or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test) is adopted for single factor analysis while logistic regression analysis is adopted for multiple factors analysis. Results The elderly having 4 children are accounting for the majority 70 (28.7%) and their health condition is in middle level. The willing to be supported by the family is the highest, which is 178 (73.0%) 95% CI:67.2% -78.3%. According to single factor analysis the number of children (χ2=2.803, P=0.246) and physical condition (self-evaluation:χ2=5.385, activities of daily living (ADL):χ2=2.987, life satisfaction:χ2=2.111, with P >0.05) had no statistically significant impact on the willingness of elderly support. According to multiple factors logistic regression analysis, the number of children's impact on the willingness of elderly support isn't statistically significant (P>0.05). Among the independent variables of physical condition, only when elderly evaluate themselves healthy (P<0.05) is statistically significant and OR=8.802, 95% CI:1.030-75.210. Conclusions The number of children has no impact on the willingness of elderly support. Researches, henceforth, should be transferred from the number of children into social economic status (e.g, economic condition of children, marital status, and so on). Support from family remains favorable to the elderly. The elderly with poor health self-evaluation tends to be supported by family. Hence, improving home care can offer them more satisfied lives.