PBL教学法在医学生心理健康教育中的应用

目的 了解医学生心理健康的现状,比较以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)与传统教学方法改善医学生心理健康的效果,为制定大学生心理健康教育的有效教学策略提供依据。 方法 采取方便整群抽样方式,采用SCL-90量表对某医学院在校学生进行问卷调查,获取有效样本357名,采用随机数表法分成对照组(178名)和实验组(179名),进行为期16周的教学实验,采用独立样本t检验和χ2检验进行组间比较。 结果 医学生SCL-90量表平均总得分为129.44分,阳性检出率为15.97%,各因子均分介于1.21~1.81分之间,且均低于全国常模水平。实验后,对照组总分下降4.93分,阳性检出率下降2.99%,各因子均得分下降介于0.04~0.09分之间,其中躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑和敌对因子变化差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组总分下降6.31分,阳性检出率下降7.51%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),各因子均得分下降介于0.06~0.11分之间,且除抑郁因子外,其余各因子差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 与全国大学生常模比较医学生心理健康相对较好,心理健康教育中,采用传统教学法和PBL教学法均能降低医学生心理症状自评得分,但PBL教学法改善效果更好。 

Application of PBL teaching method in mental health education of medical students

Objective To understand the status of mental health of medical students,compare the effect of PBL teaching method and traditional teaching method in improving the mental health of medical students,and to provide a basis for the effective teaching strategies in mental health education. Methods Via the convenient cluster sampling method and the SCL-90 scale to investigate the students in a medical school,357 valid samples were obtained and randomly divided into the control group (n=178) and experimental group (n=179),who received 16 weeks of teaching experiment.The independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for intergroup comparison. Results The total score of SCL-90 was 129.44,with a 15.97% positive rate,and the average score of all the factors were between 1.21 and 1.81,which were lower than the national norm level.After the experiment,the total score of the control group decreased by 4.93%,the positive rate decreased by 2.99%,and the average score of all the factors reduced between 0.04 and 0.09 scores,among which somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety and hostility factors has statistical significance (P<0.05).The total score of the experimental group decreased by 6.31%,and the positive rate decreased by 7.51%,with a significant difference (P<0.05) and except for depression,the average score of all factors reduced between 0.06 and 0.11 scores,with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with that of the national college students'norm,the mental health of medical students is better.Both the traditional teaching method and PBL teaching method can reduce the self-evaluation score of psychological symptoms,but the latter can have a better effect.