西安市小学传染病流行/暴发现况及相关影响因素调查研究

目的 了解西安市小学传染病流行/暴发现况，探讨其相关的影响因素，为制订学校传染病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 采用概率比例规模抽样方法，从西安市抽取92所小学，现场调查学校2013-2015年传染病流行/暴发事件信息和相关因素信息，对相关因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 92所学校内有31所学校2013-2015年发生过传染病流行/暴发，共发生疫情47起，均为呼吸道传染病，其中57.4%（27/47）为水痘疫情，共报告病例832例，平均罹患率为8.7%，疫情多集中在冬春季节。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，教室人均通风面积是学校发生传染病流行/暴发的相关影响因素（OR=0.864，95%CI：0.761~0.982，P=0.025），发生过传染病流行/暴发的学校，其传染病防控管理评分高于未发生过的学校（OR=1.277，95%CI：1.013~1.610，P=0.039）。结论 以水痘、流行性腮腺炎和流行性感冒为主的呼吸道传染病是西安市小学传染病防控的重点，改善教室通风条件，加强学校传染病防控管理可减少学校传染病流行/暴发。

Investigation on status of infectious diseases epidemics or outbreaks and related factors in primary schools in Xi'an

Objective To explore the status of infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks and related factors in primary schools in Xi'an, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of school infectious disease prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 92 primary schools were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling method. The information of infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks and related factors in these schools from 2013 to 2015 was investigated and related factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis. Results 31 of 92 schools have experienced 47 times of infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks from 2013 to 2015. All of the cases were respiratory infectious disease, of which 57.4% (27/47) was chickenpox epidemics. A total of 832 cases were reported, the average incidence rate was 8.7%, and the epidemics mainly occurred in winter and spring seasons. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high ventilation rate of classroom was a factor for the epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools (OR=0.864, 95%CI:0.761-0.982,P=0.025), the comprehensive scores for prevention and control of infectious diseases were significantly higher in schools with infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks than those in schools without infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks (OR=1.277, 95%CI:1.013-1.610,P=0.039). Conclusions The main type of infectious diseases with epidemics or outbreaks in schools is respiratory infectious disease including chicken pox, mumps and influenza. Prevention and control should focus on these diseases. Increased classroom ventilation rates, and strengthened management of prevention and control can reduce the epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases in school.