非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗最新进展与挑战

肺癌在中国乃至全球范围内是威胁人类健康最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，发病率和死亡率居高不下，预后也较差。近年来，晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-smallcelllungcancer ，NSCLC ）虽然在手术治疗、化疗、放疗及靶向治疗方面均取得了很大进展，但其疗效并不令人满意，晚期NSCLC 患者的5 年生存率仍然很低。随着肿瘤免疫学及分子生物学的发展，肺癌的免疫治疗得到广泛关注，并为非小细胞肺癌患者提供了新的治疗方向。免疫治疗种类繁多，有免疫检测点受体抑制剂、主动性免疫疫苗和过继性免疫疫苗等。I 期临床试验显示了较高缓解率，Ⅱ期/ Ⅲ期临床试验亦在进一步探索中。本文就当前非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗的最新进展及面临的挑战进行概述。

Advances and challenges in immunotherapy for non- small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high morbidity and mortality, as well as poor prognosis in China and worldwide. Despite the recent advances in surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the curative effect of non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in advanced cancer patients is unsatisfactory, and the five- year survival rate of patients remains low. Immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, active vaccination, and adoptive vaccination, have been given in -creasing attention for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Results of phase I clinical trials show a higher remission rate, and the out -comes of phases II and III clinical trials are under exploration. This review provides an overview of the latest advances and challenges in immunotherapy for NSCLC.