我国及寒地与非寒地地区高血压影响因素的系统综述与Meta分析

目的 系统评价我国及寒地与非寒地地区高血压影响因素及其差异。方法 以高血压不同影响因素为主要检索词检索文献，进行文献筛选、提取相关数据。使用CMA V2统计软件进行统计分析。结果 本系统综述和Meta分析共纳入分析了16个高血压影响因素。合并OR值大于1.00，与高血压关联强度较强的前3位的因素依次为肥胖、家族史、糖尿病，其合并OR（95%CI）值分别为3.00（95%CI:2.69~3.36）、2.04（95%CI:1.87~2.23）、1.94（95%CI:1.68~2.24）。人群归因危险度共计算肥胖、超重、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒5种因素，人群中患高血压22.00%与肥胖有关，21.39%和超重有关。分层分析发现年龄（OR_寒地=1.35，95%CI:1.27~1.45）；OR_非寒地=1.50，95%CI:1.47~1.53）、性别（OR_寒地=1.30，95%CI:1.16~1.45；OR_非寒地=0.99，95%CI:0.90~1.09）、腰围OR_寒地=2.75，95%CI:2.11~3.59）；OR_非寒地=3.06，95%CI:2.70~3.48）三个影响因素在寒地与非寒地地区之间差异有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 影响我国居民高血压的主要因素为超重、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒。我国寒地地区与非寒地地区高血压的影响因素差异不显著。

Factors of hypertension in cold and non-cold area of China: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Objective To systematically evaluate the influencing factors of hypertension in China and the differences between cold area and non-cold area in China. Methods Hypertension or high blood pressure as the key words, studies about different influencing factors of hypertension were searched and selected. Data were extracted and analyzed with Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.0. Results Sixteen influencing factors of hypertension were included in this systematic review and analysis The first three influencing factors of hypertension were obesity, family medical history and diabetes with pooled OR of 3.00(95% CI:2.69-3.36), 2.04(95% CI:1.87-2.23), and 1.94(95% CI:1.68-2.24), respectively. The five factors (overweight, obesity, diabetes, smoking and alcohol drinking) of population attribution risk were calculated; and the population attribution risk of obesity and overweight were 22.00% and 21.39%, respectively. The pooled OR of the association between age and hypertension was 1.35(95% CI:1.27-1.45) for cold region, 1.50(95% CI:1.47-1.53) for non-cold region, respectively. The OR of gender associated with hypertension was 1.30(95% CI:1.16-1.45) for cold region, non-cold regions was 0.99 (95% CI:0.90-1.09). The pooled OR of waistline was 1.37 (95% CI:1.30-1.44), OR_{cold regions} was 2.75(95% CI:2.11-3.59), OR_{non-cold regions} was 3.06(95% CI:2.70-3.48). Conclusions The main factors affecting the hypertension of China were overweight, obesity, diabetes, smoking and alcohol drinking. There were no significant differences in the influencing factors of hypertension between cold regions and non-cold regions.