北京城市社区心理健康服务需求及类型分析

目的 了解北京城市社区居民对心理健康服务的需求及其影响因素,为进一步展开社区心理健康服务内容和模式研究提供数据支持。 方法 采取分层抽样方法,从北京市东城区某街道社区随机抽取650人作为调查对象,使用自行编制的《社区居民心理健康服务需求调查问卷》,对居民进行心理健康服务需求调查。 结果 ①北京城市社区58%以上的居民表示需要心理健康服务,情绪状态和年龄是对社区心理健康服务需求程度的两个重要影响因素,55岁以上需求最高。②社区居民对心理健康服务形式需求不同,心理健康讲座是最受社区居民欢迎的服务形式,选择比例达67.8%,其次是免费心理咨询、心理宣传手册和心理热线。不同年龄、不同性别、不同学历层次对服务形式需求不同。③心理健康服务内容因年龄、学历层次有所不同,青少年关注家庭关系与自我发展,中老年关心心理健康科普,60.3%的居民对心理疾患相关知识的需求较大。④在心理服务机构和人员选择上,40%以上居民首选在社区心理服务站或社区卫生服务中心接受相关咨询,70%的居民要求心理健康服务由专业人员提供。 结论 社区心理健康服务模式及内容建设应考虑年龄、性别、文化水平差异,社区心理健康服务机构的专业人员、服务设置、服务措施应根据社区人群特点进行合理配置。 

Analysis of the type and demand of mental health service in Beijing urban communities

Objective To understand the demand for mental health service and influencing factors of urban community residents, and to provide data support for further research on content and model of community mental health service. Methods Via stratified random sampling, 650 residents of one sub-district community in Beijing Dongcheng District were selected as the research object. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the residents' demand for mental health services by using self-designed "Questionnaire to Community Residents' Mental Health Service Demand". Results ① Over 58% of Beijing urban community residents have demand for mental health service, with the highest demand degree for residents aged 55 and above. Emotional state and age is two important influencing factors of the degree of demand. ② The demands for form of mental health service are various among community residents. Mental health lecture is one of the most popular forms with a selection ratio of 67.8%, followed by free mental counseling, mental brochures and hotline. The demand for service form varied from different age, different gender to different education level. ③ The demand for service contents varied from different age and education level. Teenagers focus on family relationship and self development while the elder care about mental health science. And 60.3% of residents have high demand for knowledge of mental disorders. ④ On mental service institutions and personnel selection, over 40% of residents prefer to accept related consulting at community mental station or community health service center, 70% of residents require a professional mental health service to provide. Conclusion The construction of community mental health service mode and content should take the differences in age, gender and culture level into account; the professionals, service settings and measures of community health service institutions should be rationally allocated according to the characteristics of community residents.