北京市吸烟人群尼古丁依赖程度影响因素的横断面调查研究

目的 探索北京市15岁及以上吸烟人群的尼古丁依赖程度的主要影响因素。方法 通过分层多阶段等比例随机抽样在北京市开展居民入户面对面询问调查。应用秩和检验、多因素Logistic回归方法分析吸烟人群尼古丁依赖程度的影响因素。结果 本研究样本有1 280人，其中男性有1 176人，占91.9%；吸烟人群中尼古丁轻度依赖、中度依赖和重度依赖者分别占53.5%、33.3%和13.2%。多因素Logistic回归模型显示，与轻度尼古丁依赖患者相比，年龄越大（OR=3.643，95%CI：1.467~9.045）、经常在室内工作场所吸烟（OR=2.539，95%CI：1.553~4.149）、经常在室内公共场所吸烟（OR=2.621，95%CI：1.581~4.346）、经常在家庭内吸烟（OR=3.304，95%CI：1.782~6.126）是重度尼古丁依赖的危险因素。高学历（OR=0.172，95%CI：0.062~0.480）、职业（OR=0.314，95%CI：0.138~0.714）、不经常饮酒（OR=0.567，95%CI：0.434~0.742）、每日吸烟量小（OR=0.056，95%CI：0.034~0.093）是尼古丁重度依赖的保护因素。结论 从人口统计学信息的角度，针对吸烟人群尼古丁依赖的影响因素，加强公共场所的控烟政策监管及家庭成员对其劝阻与关怀；加强烟草危害宣教的同时，鼓励人们从减少吸烟量和戒酒开始做起。

The epidemiological investigation on risk factors of nicotine dependence among the smokers in Beijing

Objective To identify the risk factors of nicotine dependence by conducting an epidemiological investigation in smokers beyond 15 years in Beijing. Methods A household questionnaire survey was carried out on whom were selected by multi-stage stratified and proportional random sampling method. Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable unconditional Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the influencing factors of moderate and severe nicotine dependence, compared with mild dependence. Results A total of 1 280 smokers were recruited, in which 1 176 smokers were males (91.9%).The smokers with mild, moderate and severe nicotine dependence accounted for 53.5%, 33.3% and 13.2% respectively. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the mild nicotine dependence, older(OR=3.643,95% CI:1.467-9.045),often smoking in indoor workplaces(OR=2.539,95% CI:1.553-4.149),in indoor public places(OR=2.621,95% CI:1.581-4.346)and at home smokers(OR=3.304,95% CI:1.782-6.126)had higher risk to become severe nicotine dependence. While higher education level (OR=0.172,95% CI:0.062-0.480),occupation(OR=0.314,95% CI:0.138-0.714), fewere alcohol consumption (OR=0.567,95% CI:0.434-0.742)and fewer everyday smoking number(OR=0.056,95% CI:0.034-0.093)were protective factors. Conclusions From the perspective of demographic information and factors affecting nicotine dependence, strengthen public care and tobacco control policy supervision on public place and that family members' discourage against smoking within the family at the same time. Encourage people start with less smoking and alcohol.