成都市社区老年人抑郁症状及影响因素研究

目的 调查成都市社区老年人抑郁症状的发生率并分析其影响因素,为改善老年人抑郁状况及制定相关预防措施提供科学依据和参考。 方法 分层随机整群抽取成都市社区3个,对社区内符合纳入标准的400名老人进行一般状况调查,并采用老年抑郁量表(geriatric depression scale,GDS)进行抑郁症状的筛查,统计分析数据,总结出社区老年人抑郁症状的发生率,并对相关的影响因素进行logistic回归分析。 结果 399名老年人中,存在抑郁症状的老年人共有145例,老年人抑郁症状的发生率为36.3%,其中轻度抑郁症状110人(占27.6%),中重度抑郁症状35人(占8.8%);GDS得分范围为0~30分,平均得分(9.61±6.92)分。二元Logistic回归分析显示:负性事件的发生是老年人抑郁症状发生的危险因素,而经常进行体育锻炼、对自身社会及家庭地位满意度高、自我评价乐观是老年人抑郁症状的保护因素。 结论 成都地区社区老年人抑郁症状的发生率较高,且受生活方式、自我评价、生活事件等多方面因素影响,社区机构应加强对老年人心理卫生的监测,采取有针对性的干预措施,提高老年人的心理健康水平和生存质量。 

Analysis of prevalence and influencing factors of depression in the elderly in Chengdu community

Objective To explore the prevalence of depression in the elderly in Chengdu community and to analyze the influencing factors, and provide scientific basis for improvement of depressive symptoms and to formulate the corresponding measures. Methods By the method of layered, random and total sampling, we selected three representative communities in Chengdu, randomly selecting 400 elderly people from those communities which match the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of them were investigated with self-designed General Condition Questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), by analyzing the data to sum up the incidences of depressive symptoms in the elderly population and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors. Results Among the 399 elderly people, there were 145 elderly showing depressive symptoms. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 36.3%, 110 (27.6%) with mild depressive symptoms and 35(8.8%) with moderate or severe depressive symptoms. The GDS scores ranged from 0 to 30, with an average of (9.61±6.92). Binary Logistic regression indicated that the occurrence of negative events was the risk factor of depressive symptoms in the elderly, and regular exercise, high satisfaction with their lives in their own social and families and optimism were the protection factors of depressive symptoms in the elderly. Conclusion The incidence of depressive symptoms among the elderly in the community of Chengdu was in high proportion and related with life style, self-evaluation, life events and other factors. Community institutions should strengthen the monitoring of psychological health problems of elderly people and effective measures of intervention on the influencing factors should be taken to reduce the incidence of depression and improve the mental health and quality of life of the elderly.