我国农村老年人抑郁症状性别差异及影响因素研究

目的 了解我国农村老年人抑郁的性别差异及影响因素，为缩小农村老年人抑郁性别差异、促进两性健康公平提供参考依据。方法 利用2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（China health and retirement longitudinal study，CHARLS）数据库中抑郁相关数据进行Fairlie分解，分析农村老年人抑郁现状及性别差异。结果 农村老年人抑郁患病率为39.09%，女性高于男性（47.82% vs 32.43%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=97.05，P<0.001）。多因素回归分析表明，地域、睡眠时长、日常生活能力（activity of daily living，ADL）、自评健康、疼痛是男女两性抑郁的共同影响因素，婚姻状况、社会活动是男性抑郁的影响因素。Fairlie分解结果显示，农村老年人抑郁性别差异中的72.06%是可观测因素造成的，另外27.94%是性别属性造成的。结论 农村老年男性抑郁患病率低于老年女性。生活方式、生理健康、疼痛是造成农村老年人抑郁性别差异的主要因素。

The sexual disparity and determinants of depressive symptoms among the rural elderly in China

Objective To investigate the sexual disparity and determinants of depression among the rural elderly in China, so as to provide evidences narrowing the disparity of depression and promoting health equity in elderly population. Methods China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS) dataset of 2015, Fairlie decomposition was adopted to analyze the disparity in depression between the male and femal elderly. Results The prevalence of depression among the rural elderly was 39.09%, and the prevalence of depression in women was higher than that in men (47.82% vs 32.43%, χ2=97.05,P<0.001). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that region, sleep length,daily activity,self-rated health and pain were the common factors affecting the the prevalence of depression among men and women, while marital status and social activity were the factors affecting the prevalence of depression among men.Fairlie decomposition analysis revealed that 72.06% of the male-female disparity in depression could be explained by observable factors and 27.94% by gender. Conclusions The prevalence of depression in rural elderly men was lower than that in elderly women. Lifestyle, physical health and pain are the main factors causing gender differences in depressive symptoms in rural elderly people.